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Science 8 - Chap 8
Land and Water
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Continental Shelf | The ocean floor that slopes downward away from continents |
| Continental Slope | The edge of the continental shelf, more steeply sloped. |
| Continental Rise | Region of gently increase slope where the ocean floor meets the continental slope |
| Abyssal Plains | Large flat areas on the ocean floor |
| Seamount | Underwater volcanoes |
| Volcanic Island | The build up of lava in water |
| Guyot | A volcanic island that eroded enough that the ocean covered it again |
| Canyons | Deep, steep-sided valleys usually formed by rivers that cut through surrounding rock |
| Trenches | Run parallel to the coast and are formed where two oceanic tectonic plates converge |
| Continental Divide | Also called the Great Divide; Follows the Rocky Mountains and separates water flowing to the west into the Pacific ocean from water flowing north and east. |
| Why are some glacial lakes saltier than others? | Ground water dissolves salts and minerals from soil and rock and then carries these materials into the lake |
| Glaciers | Masses of ice and snow built up over thousands of years which occur in the high altitudes of mountains and near Earth’s poles |
| Crevasses | Deep cracks created when a glacier moves over uneven ground and breaks the ice sheet |
| Cirques | Small beginnings of glaciers where snow, ice and the freeze-thaw cycle create armchair-like hollows in the side of a mountain |
| Aretes | When two cirques on a mountain erode toward each other, they create a sharp ridge between them |
| Horn | Three or more aretes on a mountain eventually carve the mountain peak into a sharp pyramid shape |
| Hanging Valley | Where a small glacier meets a large glacier and the valley floor of the large glacier below the bottom of the small glacier |
| Tides | The rising and falling of the water level in an ocean caused by the Sun and the Moon and the rotation of Earth |
| Convection Current | Current caused by temperature differences |
| Tidal Range | The difference between the water levels at high tide and low tide |
| Tidal Bulge | The rise of water level on an ocean in response to gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon and rotation of Earth |
| Specific Heat Capacity | A measure of substances capacity to keep its heat |
| Tsunami | A large, often devastating wave caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or giant underwater landslides |
| Moraines | A large ridge of gravel, sand and boulders that was pushed aside by a glacier and dragged to the end of a glacier |
| Sea Breeze | A wind blowing from sea; caused when heated air over land rises and air moves from over ocean |
| Gyres | A large, consistent, circular pattern of ocean currents |
| Weather | Daily atmospheric conditions, like temperature, precipitations and humidity |
| Land Breeze | wind blowing from land caused when heated air over water rises and air from land moves to replace rising air |
| Climate | The average weather conditions over many years |
| Striations | A groove or scratch on the surface of a rock, caused when boulders and gravel at bottoms of glaciers are dragged along rock surfaces |
| Icebergs | A large chunk of ice that breaks off a glacier when the glaciers reaches the ocean |
| Eskers | A long mound of sand and gravel marking the path of meltwater streams that passed through and under a glacier |
| Current | Movement of water in an ocean or lake caused by temperature differences |
| Erratics | A large boulder that was carried by glaciers and left behind |
| Fjords | A long deep valley carved by a glacier that has become flooded with sea water |
Created by:
Mackey2002
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