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Final Exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acoustics | The science of sounds/the physical basis of music (instruments that doesn't produce song using electronics) |
| Monophonic | Music consisting of a single,melodic line and no accompaniment |
| Polyphonic | Music consisting of two or more melodies sounding at the same time, having equal emphasis |
| Homophonic | Music consisting of one predominant melody supported by a harmonic or chordal accompaniment |
| Continuo | A technique for providing a harmonic basis in the new homophonic music of the Baroque period |
| Cantus Firmus | A term meaning "fixed melody" that denotes a preexisting melody, often a Gregorian Chant |
| Melismatic | A setting of a text to music in which one syllable of text is given a series of musical notes |
| Idiophone | A percussion instrument that is struck, shaken, plucked, or rubbed ex. maracas |
| Membranophone | A percussion instrument whose sound is produced by vibration of a stretched membrane ex. Drums |
| Raga | one of the melodic modes used in Indian classical music |
| Program Music | Music that shows images, moods, stories, characters, and other nonmusical associations. |
| Symphony | A multimovement work for symphony orchestra. |
| Opera | A dramatic stage production that involves soloists who sing arias and recitatives, solo ensembles, choruses,dancing,dramatic action,costumes,staging,and orchestral accompaniment |
| Recitative | A vocal solo in opera, cantatas, and oratorios that declaims the text in a sung-speech manner, in free rhythm with minimal accompaniment. so all the listeners can understand the words. |
| motet | A sacred,polyphonic composition with a nonlurgical text |
| Gregorian Chant | church music sung as a single vocal line in free rhythm and a restricted scale |
| Lied | art songs (Romantic German poems) |
| Chance Music | A compositional technique whereby a composer does not control all the details of a composition, allowing the performer to make creative choices through improvisations or other means of selecting within the structure of the composition |
| Serial Composition | A set of nonrepeated pitches |
| Sonata Form | A structure that composers in the Classical era and since have commonly used for the first movement of a sonata, symphony,concerto,or string quarter. |
| Decrescendo | gradually getting softer |
| Adante | moderate slow tempo |
| Forte | loud |
| Allegro | fast |
| Largo | slow tempo |
| Crescendo | gradually getting louder |
| Ethnomusicologist | A scholar of music in culture-of world music;one who studies ethonmusicology;one who researches the music of a culture,writes about it, and teaches others about it |
| Chordophone | a stringed instrument |
| Strophic | A musical structure in which the same music is used for each stanza of a ballad, song, or hymn |
| Improvisation | The process of simultaneously composing,performing, and listening to music |
| Acculturation | The blending of cultures. The process by which one culture assimilates or adapts to the characteristics and pratices of another |
| Renaissance Period | 1450-1600 |
| 20th century | 1900-2000 |
| Romantic Period | 19th century |
| Avant-garde | Experimental composers who are in the forefront of musical development and are leaders in the development of new & unconventional musical styles. |
| Concerto | a three movement work for solo instrument and orchestra that emerged during the Baroque period and has been a common instrumental genre ever since. |
| Overture | A festive opening to an opera or other musical stage production |
| Mass | The Roman Catholic workship service. |
| Ornamentation | An embellishment of a melody;adding notes for decoration according to established and commonly accepted performance pratices |
| Tonality | The gravitational pull of music toward a tonal center; the key of the music example:C major/C minor |
| Chromaticism | proceeding by half steps,using sharps or flats |
| Minimalism | A style of composition whose creator attempts to achieve the greatest effects from the least amount of material. |
| Motive | A short melodic patter or phrase that is used for further development |
| Rondo | A musical form consisting of two or more contrasting theme areas, each followed by a return to the opening theme. |
| Terraced dynamics | a musical style characterized by abrupt volume shifts from soft to loud and back within a piece |
| piano | soft |
| oral tradition | the passing down of music by word of mouth from one generation to the next |
| consort | A group of similar instruments - such as soprano, alto, tenor-that provide a homogeneous sound |
| Aerophone | A wind instrument |
| Tala | the rhythm and meter of the classical music of India |
| Art Music | Music that is formed, sophisticated, urban, and appreciated by an educational elite. |
| Impressionism | A style of music, exemplified in the works of Debussy, that avoids explicit statement and literal description but instead emphasizes suggestion and atmosphere,evokes moods, and conveys impressions of images and feelings. |
| Aria | a lyrical song found in operas, cants, and oratorios. |
| Madrigal | A renaissance secular contrapuntal work for several voices that originated in Italy and later flourished in England. |
| Reggae | A synthesis of rock, rhythm, and blues, and latin American and African rhythms. |
| Atonality | the avoidance of tonal centers and tonal relationships in music. |
| Tone Clusters | three or more adjacent tones sounding simultaneously |
| Musique concrete | The compositional technique of manipulating tape recorded sounds of existing natural resources. |
| theme and variations | An instrumental form in which a stated theme is followed by a series of variations on that theme |
| Minuet and trio | A stately dance movement in triple meter in a b a form. |
| Nationalistic music | Concert art music that reflects national or regional rather than universal characteristics. |
| Classical Period | 1750-1820 |
| Baroque period | 1600-1750 |
| Patronage system | A common source of income for composers |
| medieval period | 590-1400 |
Created by:
jenyferroxana
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