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Microbiology Test #2

Test #2

QuestionAnswer
Metabolism *Anabolism- "build up", used to produce biomass and/or energy storage *Catabolism- "break down", used to produce ATP
Biochemical Pathway
Enzymes -reusable (not altered by the reactions they catalyze) -catalysts for cellular reactions -lower Eact (required for a reaction) -protein (mostly) -> quaternary shape = specificity of binding to a substrate or reactant (1',2',3',4')
Coenzymes -organic (derived from vitamins) NAD+ FAD+ CoA
Enzyme Binding
Coenzyme Binding
Holoenzyme = enzyme cofactor + coenzyme ("relay agent")
Energy of Activation "Eact"
Enzyme Inhibition 1) Biofeedback Inhibition 2) Competitive Inhibition 3) Non-Competitive Inhibition
Enzyme Inhibition: 1) Biofeedback Inhibition = concentration governs or affects a biochemical pathway binds to enzy. 1 and blocks others from binding at the Active site or Allosteric site
Enzyme Inhibition: 2) Competitive Inhibition = works in biofeedback or antibiotics (sulfonamides "sulfa drugs")
Enzyme Inhibition: 2) Competitive Inhibition (cont'd)
Enzyme Inhibition: 3) Non-Competitive Inhibition = changes the shape of the active and allosteric sites making the enzyme non-functional (eg. heavy metal toxicity Pb, Cd)
RedOx = transfer of energy in catabolic reactions:
RedOx (cont'd) Oxidation= loss of energy and electrons Reduction= gain of energy and electrons
Phosphorylation- P - Reactions -> transfer energy 1)Substrate Level P 2)Oxidative P 3)Photo P
Phosphorylation- P - Reactions: 1)Substrate Level P substrate- P+ ADP -> substrate + ATP (Glycolysis + Krebs)
Phosphorylation- P - Reactions: 2)Oxidative P -> requires membrane to be present
Phosphorylation- P - Reactions: 3)Photo P -> photosynthetic generation of ATP
Cell Respiration
Denaturization - to change the shape of a protein
Cell Respiration occurs via 4 biochemical steps: -food is oxidized into CO2 1)Glycolysis 2)Pyruvate Oxidation 3)Krebs Cycle then... 4)ETC-> High ATP production
Cell Respiration: 1)Glycolysis (a) Glucose oxidation = splits (6C) molecule in half a)Energy requiring steps:
Cell Respiration: 1)Glycolysis (b) b)Energy releasing steps:
Energy Harvest 1)Glycolysis: Net= 2 ATP's = 2 NADH2 2)Pyruvate Oxidation: (x2) 2 NADH2 3)Krebs Cycle: 4)ETC
Cell Respiration: 2)Pyruvate Oxidation
Created by: rstacey1
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