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AP Bio Chapter 22

WordsDefinitions
evolution the processes that have transformed life on Earth from its earliest forms to the vast diversity that characterizes it today
natural selection a mechanism for evolution, when the popuation of an organism can change over time as a result of individuals with certain heritable traits leaving more offspring than other individuals
evolutionary adaptations inherited characteristics that enhance an organisms ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment
natural theology a philosophy dedicated to discovering the Creator's plan by studying nature
taxonomy Carolus Linnaus, the branch of biology concerned with naming and classifying the diverse forms of life, binomial system
fossils relics or impressions of organisms from the past,mineralized in rock
sedimentary rocks formed from the sand and mud that settle to the bottom of the seas, lakes, and marshes
paleontology the study of fossils, largely developed by Georges Cuvier
catastrophism a speculation that each boundary between strata corresponded in time to a catastrophe such as a flodd or drought that had destroyed many of the species living there at that time
gradualism James Hutton, holds that profound change is the cumulative product of slow ut continuous processes
uniformitatrianism Charles Lyell, the idea that geological processes have not changed throughout Earth's history
descent with modification Biological evolution is this, encompasses small-scale evolution (changes in gene frequency in a population from one generation to the next) and large-scale evolution (the descent of different species from a common ancestor over many generations).
artificial selection the breeding in domesticated plants and animals
biogeography distribution of many species
homology similarity in characteristics resulting from common ancestry
homologous structures such anatomical signs of evolution
vestigial organs structures of marginal, if any importance to the organism
ontogeny the development of an individual organism
phylogeny a replay of the evolutionary history of the species
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