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Unit 2 Semester 2
Oceans
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Coriolis effect | deflection of winds to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere because of earth´s rotation; named for the Frenchman who first described it, Gaspard Gustave de Coriolis |
| anaerobic | not using oxygen; when applied to organisms, cells, or tissues, it means they do not use oxygen as part of the process of obtaining energy from glucose |
| barrier island | a thin island near the ocean that parallels the coast |
| bathymetry | the study and measurement of underwater depth |
| benthic zone | a region of the ocean that includes the ocean floor and the water just above it |
| biogenous | also biogenic; formed by or derived from organisms |
| black smoker | a hydrothermal vent at the crest of an oceanic ridge |
| coast | a strip of land of indefinite width that boarders the ocean and extends from the low |
| current | a mass of water or air that is moving in a consistent direction |
| density | a measure of how closely packed the particles in a substance are; the mass of an object divided by its volume |
| desalination | the removal of salt from seawater; desalination provides drinkable water in areas where freshwater is scarce |
| diatoms | microscopic one celled plants that grow in marine and fresh water; they secrete walls of silica in a variety of forms that accumulate in sediments |
| downwelling | the process of downward movement of ocean water |
| gas hydrate | a compound consisting of a lattice (or "cage") of water molecules with gas molecules occupying holes or cavities in the lattice |
| guyot | a seamount, which is an isolated volcanic peak on the ocean floor, that has a flattened top |
| gyre | a circular rotation of wind or water that moves clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere |
| halocline | a zone in which there is a rapid vertical change in salinity |
| hydrogenous | sediment formed by the agency of water |
| hydrothermal vent | an opening in the seafloor out of which heated mineral |
| lithogenous | sediment derived from weathering and erosion of rock |
| nekton | organisms that swim freely in the ocean |
| neritic zone | the ocean water that covers the sublittoral zone, which is the region of the ocean floor that extends from the low |
| oceanic zone | the area of open ocean water covering the bathyal and abyssal zones |
| pelagic zone | the open water of the ocean, above the ocean floor |
| phytoplankton | the plant forms of plankton |
| plankton | plants or animals that float or drift in the ocean water |
| pycnocline | the zone of rapid vertical change in density due to changes in temperature and salinity |
| salinity | the degree of saltiness of a salt solution, especially applied to ocean water |
| shore | the most seaward part of the coast, immediately bordering the ocean |
| shoreline | where the water and the beach meet; it migrates with the changes of the tides or water level |
| sonar | acronym for sound navigation and ranging, an oceanographic method for studying the ocean floor |
| temperature | a measure of how hot or cold something is; a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance |
| thermocline | a zone of rapid temperature change between the warm surface waters and the cooler deep waters |
| thermohaline circulation | deep sea currents that occur because of differences between the salinity and temperature characteristics of water masses |
| tidal current | the flow of water accompanying the rise and fall of the tides |
| tides | the rise and fall of water levels due to gravitational forces |
| upwelling | the upward movement of nutrient rich, cold, deep water that replaces warmer surface waters that are moved by wind |
| wave | in the ocean, energy traveling along the interface between ocean and atmosphere; the medium, of wave travel is the ocean water |
| wind | naturally moving air of any direction or speed; component of air that moves parallel to the surface of the earth and whose direction and velocity can be measured |
| zooplankton | the animal forms of plankton |
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