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Biology Final
Vocabulary from Mrs. Fisher's Biology Review.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Define: Substrate | the reactant in a chemical reaction upon which an enzyme acts. |
| Define: Photosynthesis | process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy; produces sugar and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. |
| Define: Homeostasis | equilibrium and stability within an environment (i.e. ecosystem, body). |
| Define: Gamete | a sex cell; egg or sperm. |
| Define: Positive Feedback | control system in which sensory information causes the body to increase the rate of change away from homeostasis. |
| Define: Mitosis | the process by which a cell divides its nucleus and contents. |
| Define: Fertilization | fusion of an egg and sperm cell. |
| Define: Recessive | an allele that is not expressed unless two copies are present in an organism's genotype. |
| Define: Enzyme | a protein that catalyzes chemical reactions for organisms. |
| Define: Prokaryote | an organism made up of cells that have no nuclei or membrane bound organelles. |
| Define: Osmosis | diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration. |
| Define: Chromosome | long, continuous strand of DNA that consists of numerous genes and regulatory information. |
| Define: Biomolecules (organic) | any molecule present in living organisms. (i.e. carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, etc.) |
| Define: Meiosis | form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells; important for forming gametes for sexual reproduction. |
| Define: Homozygous | having two different alleles for a gene. |
| Define: Homologous chromosomes | chromosomes that have the same length, appearance, and copies of genes, although the alleles may differ. |
| Define: Reactant | substance that is changed by a chemical reaction. |
| Define: Eukaryote | an organism made of eukaryotic cells; its cells contain nuclei and other organelles enclosed with membranes. |
| Define: Diffusion | the movement of dissolved molecules in a fluid or gas from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. |
| Define: Cell membrane | the double layer of phospholipids that forma a boundary between a cell and the surrounding environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell. |
| Define: Heterozygous | having two of the same alleles for a gene. |
| Define: Products | substance formed by a chemical reaction |
| Define: Metabolism | all chemical processes that synthesize or break down materials within an organism. |
| Define: Somatic | the cells that make up all of the body tissues, except the gametes. |
| Define: Negative feedback | control system for homeostasis that adjusts the body's conditions when the conditions vary from the ideal. |
| Define: Cellular respiration | the process of producing ATP by breaking down carbon-based molecules when oxygen is present. |
| Define: Concentration gradient | the difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another. |
| Define: Dominant | the allele that is expressed when two different alleles are present in an organism's genotype. |
| Zygote | a cell that forms when a male gamete fertilizes a female gamete. |
Created by:
sydneyrs
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