click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Meiosis
peer tutoring assignment
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| mitosis vs. meiosis | 1. genetically identical/genetically unique 2. result = diploid cells/result = haploid cells 3. asexual/sexual 4. one cell division/two cell divisions |
| meiosis I | divides homologous chromosomes, produces two haploid cells |
| prophase I | centrioles and centromeres move to opposite sides and homologous chromosomes pair up |
| metaphase I | pairs of chromosomes line up randomly in the middle by spindle fibers |
| anaphase I | pairs of chromosomes separate towards opposite sides of the cell |
| telophase I | nuclear membrane forms around two separate cells, cytokineses (separation of cytoplasm) |
| meiosis II | divides sister chromotids, resulting in haploid cells (DNA is not copied before-hand) |
| prophase II | centrioles and centromeres move to opposite sides, nuclear membrane breaks down |
| metaphase II | individual chromosomes line up in middle by spindle fibers |
| anaphase II | sister chromatids are pulled apart towards opposite sides |
| telophase II | cytokinesis, nuclear membrane reforms around the four individual haploid |
| somatic cells | cell that makes up all of the body tissue and organs, except gametes |
| gametes | sex cell (egg or sperm) |
| homologous chromosomes | chromosomes that have the same length, appearance, and copies of genes, although the alleles may differ |
| autosome | chromosome that contains genes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of the organism |
| sex chromosome | chromosome that directly controls the development of sexual characteristics (determines male or female) |
| sexual reproduction | process by which two gametes fuse and offspring that are a genetic mixture of both parents are produces |
| fertilization | fusion of an egg and sperm cell |
| diploid | cell that has two copies of each chromosome |
| haploid | cell that has one copy of each chromosome |
| meiosis | divides diploid cells into haploid cells, forming gametes |
| polar body | haploid cell produces during meiosis in the female of any species |