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Earthquakes/volcanos
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| fold | when a rock bends but doesn't break |
| syncline | a fold of stratified rock in which it is folded downward |
| anticline | fold of stratified rock in which it is upward |
| stress | pressure on a rock that can cause it to break |
| compression | type of stress that push together |
| tension | type of stress that pulls apart |
| shearing | type of stress that moves to side to side |
| faults | a break in the Earth's crust along which tectonic plates move in different directions and at different speeds |
| reverse | when the hanging wall moves up, caused by compression (fault) |
| normal | when the hanging wall moves down, caused by tension (fault) |
| strike-slip | when the hanging wall moves to the side of the foot wall (side to side) and it is a fault |
| fault block moutains | caused by tension and create normal faults |
| seismic waves | the vibrations that travels through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake |
| seismorgraph | an instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes, such as force and duration. |
| ring of fire | a volcano formed by many volcanoes that border the PACIFIC OCEAN (subduction zone) |
| hot spot | and area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust |
| shield | type of volcano built by layers of lava released from repeated non-explosive eruptions |
| composite | type of volcano that are most common. Formed by explosive eruptions of plyroclastie material followed by quieter flows of lava. |
| cinder cone | type of volcano made from pyroclastic material usually produced from moderately explosive eruptions |
| active | constant eruptions of volcanos |
| dormant | "sleeping" volcanoes, but yet can still erupt |
| extinct | never to erupt volcanoes, that have no constant supply of magma from hot spots. |