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Intro to Law& crimin
Basic Constitutional
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Dual Court System | The court system in the U.S., consisting of one system of state and local courts and another system of federal courts. |
| jurisdiction | the authority to hear and decide cases |
| original jurisdiction | the authority of a court to hear a case when it is first brought to court. |
| appellate jurisdiction | the power of a court to review a case for errors of law. |
| general jurisdiction | the power of a court to hear any type of case |
| special jurisdiction | the power of a court to hear only certain kinds of cases |
| subject matter jurisdiction | the power of a court to hear a particular type of case. |
| writ of certiorari | a written order from the U.S. Supreme Court to a lower court whose decision is being appealed, to send the records of case forward for review |
| writ of habeas corpus | an order from a court to an officer of the law to produce a prisoner in court to determine if the prisoner is being legally detained or imprisoned |
| summary of bench trials | trials without a jury |
| trial de novo | a trial which the entire case is reheard by a trial court of general jurisdiction because there is an appeal |
| due process to law | the procedures followed by courts to ensure that a defendant's constitutional rights are not violated. |
| incapacitation | the removal or restriction of the freedom of those found to have violated criminal laws |
| punishment | the imposition of a penalty for criminal wrongdoing |
| rehabilitation | the attempt to "correct" the personality and behavior of convicted offenders through educational, vocational, or therapeutic treatment and to return them to socuety as law-abiding citizens |
| what % of poeple plea-bargain | 90% |
| 3 key actors in the court process | defense attorney prosecutor judge |
| Nolle prosequi | when prosecutors choose not to prosecute |
| what is PASS | Pull Aim Squeeze Sweep |
| 4th Amendment | applies to a person who has reasonable expectation of privacy |
| A warrant clause must have | probable cause place to be search person/evidence |
| double jeopardy | cannot be tried twice for the same crime |