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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Feudalism | the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, |
| barbarian | in ancient times a member of a community or tribe not belonging to one of the great civilizations Greek, Roman, Christian |
| Roman Catholic Church | The branch of Christianity headed by the pope. The Roman Catholic Church is governed by a hierarchy with the pope at the top and, at the lower levels, bishops and priest |
| pope | the bishop of Rome as head of the Roman Catholic Church |
| monarch | a sovereign head of state, especially a king, queen, or emperor. |
| fief | A fief was the central element of feudalism and consisted of heritable property or rights granted by an overlord to a vassal who held it in fealty in return for a form of feudal allegiance and service. |
| manor | a large country house with lands; the principal house of a landed estate. |
| divine right | divine right of kings definition. The doctrine that kings and queens have a God-given right to rule and that rebellion against them is a sin. This belief was common through the seventeenth century and was urged by such kings as Louis xiv of France |
| noble | belonging to a hereditary class with high social or political status; aristocratic. |
| duke | a male holding the highest hereditary title in the British and certain other peerages. |
| hierarchy | a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority. |
| chivalry | the medieval knightly system with its religious, moral, and social code. |