Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Sociology Exam 3
For Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Medicalization | The process by which problems or issues not traditionally seen as medical come to be framed as such |
| Role Theory | individuals take on roles in society like actors |
| Sick Role | the social rights and obligations of a sick individual |
| Morbidity | illness in a general sense |
| The Whitehall Study | attempted to control for the differences between and among men in different occupations or social positions |
| Selection Theory | genetics and biology determine both health and SES |
| Drift explanation | health causes social position |
| Social Determinants Theory | social position determines health |
| Census | define family by 2 or more people living together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption |
| Social Science | a relationship by blood, marriage, or affection, in which members may cooperate economically may care for children, and may consider their identity to be intimately connected to the larger group |
| Nuclear Family | familial form consisting of a father, a mother, and their children |
| Extended Family | kin networks that extend outside or beyond the nuclear family |
| Family of Orientation | the family that you are born into |
| Family of Procreation | the family you make through marriage, partnering, and/or parenthood |
| Fictive Kin | nonrelatives whose bonds are strong and intimate |
| Monogamy | marriage between two spouses |
| Polygamy | a system that allows for more than one spouse at a time |
| Polyandry | marriage in which husbands can have more than one wife |
| Polygyny | marriage in which wives can have more than one husband |
| Legal Marriage | a legally binding agreement or contractual relationship between 2 people and is defined and regulated by the state |
| Social Marriage | relationship between 2 people who cohabit and engage in behavior that is essentially that same as that within a legal marriage, but without engaging in a marriage ceremony validated by the state |
| Marital Decline Perspective | marriage is increasingly being threatened by the hedonistic pursuits of personal happiness at the expense of long-term commitment |
| Marital Resilience Perspective | marriage is no weaker than in the past, but that all families need an increase in structural supports over time |
| Cohabitation | an arrangement in which 2 people live together without being married |
| What is the most common type of household in contemporary US? | duel earner or single parent |
| The glass ceiling | an invisible barrier to moving up your occupation |
| The glass escalator | the propensity for men entering traditionally female occupations to get promotions at a higher rate |
| The gender gap in pay | the difference between men and women's earnings in the workforce. current US average is 79% |
| Human Capital Theory | women have lower human capital |
| Routine household labor | non-discrectionary, routine tasks that cant be postponed such as cooking and cleaning |
| Occasional household labor | household tasks that are more time-flexible and discretionary such as household repairs and yard work |
| Family work at home. Who does what? | men perform more occasional labor but women do 3x more housework than men if married |
| Time availability perspective of household labor | suggests that the division of labor is determined by the need for household labor such as the number of children and each partners availibility to perform household tasks |
| Relative resource perspective of household labor | the greater the relative amount for value of resources contributed by a partner, the greater the power in the relationship |
| The "second shift" | unpaid housework that a wife does after her paid employment |
| Politics | methods and tactics intended to influence government policy, attitudes and activities |
| Government | the formal agency that exercises power and control society, the ability to create and enforce laws |
| Dictatorship | political power in concentrated into the hands of a few (or one) elites who control resources |
| Monarchy | a government rules by a king or queen with the succession of rulers kept within the family |
| Democracy | a political system in which all citizens have the right to participate |
| Authority | the legitimate, non coercive exercise of power |
| Domination by authority | the willing obedience of the ruled to the commands of legitmate authority |
| Coercion | implicit threat of physical force |
| Paradox of authority | the state's authority is derived from an implicit threat of physical force, however, when the state must use force, they are stripped of authority |
| Citizenship rights | the rights guaranteed to each law abiding citizen in a nation-state |
| Civil Rights | guaranteeing a citizen's personal freedom from interference, including freedom of speech and the right to travel freely |
| Political rights | guaranteeing a citizen's ability to participate in politics |
| Social Rights | guaranteeing a citizen's protection from the state |
| Branches of government | executive- president legislative-congress and senate judicial- supreme court |
| Pluralist model | a wide variety of individuals and groups have equal access to resources and power |
| the power elite | a small group of people in the top ranks of economic, political, and military institutions make decisions for the larger populations |
| the civic volunteerism model | an individual is more likely to vote if they feel strongly about a particular political issue and/or have a strong political orientation |
| Education | the process through which academic, social, and cultural ideas and tools both general and specific are transmitted to individuals |
| Tracking | the placement of students into educational "track" or programs of study that determine the types of classes students have |
| Hidden Curriculum | the nonacademic and less over socialization functions of schooling |
| Social capital | the info, knowledge of people and connections that help individuals enter, gain power in, or otherwise leverage social networks |
| Cultural Capital | the symbolic and interactional resources that people use to their advantage in various situations |
| Symbolic interactionalism of inequality in education | teachers attitudes of student unintentionally influence the students performance |
| Conflict theory of inequality in education | larger social inequality has an effect of education within school systems, schools, and classrooms |
| Structural Functionalism of inequality in education | inequality in education is preperation for occupational inequalities later in life; class inequalities |
| Credentialism | an overemphasis on credentials for signalling social status or qualifications of jobs |
| Meritocracy | status and mobility are based on individual attributes, ability, and acheivement |
| SATs and sociological research | prediction of a student's potential for college. research has proven that it does not predict college outcomes about high school GPA and class rank, and there are racial inequalities |
| Religion | any institutionalized system of shared beliefs and rituals that identify a relationship with the sacred the profane |
| Belief | a proposition of idea held on the basis of faith |
| Ritual | a practice based on religion |
| Sacred | the holy, divine, or supernatural |
| Profane | ordinary |
| Structural Functionalism approach to religion | shapes everyday behaviors by providing morals, values, and norms, gives meaning to human life, provides the opportunity for social connection |
| Conflict theory approach to religion | religion perpetuates inequality (macro) |
| Symbolic Interactionism approach to religion | how religion is incorporated into everyday life (micro) |
| Extrinsic Religiosity | a person's public display of commitment to a religious faith |
| Intrinsic Religiosity | a person's inner religious faith with a personal relationship to the divine |
| Fundamentalism | emphasizing literary interpretation of texts |
| Evangelical | conservative christians who emphasize converting others to their faith |
| Unchurched | those who consider themselves spiritual rather than religious |
| Secular | nonreligious, does not endorse any religion |
| Collective action | takes place in group and diverges from the social norms of the situation |
| Mass Collective action | action that takes place in groups and diverges from the social norms of the situation |
| Emergence | the first stage of a social movement, occurring when the social problem being addressed is first identified |
| Coalescence | the second stage of a social movement, in which resources are mobilized around the problems outlined in the first stage |
| Routinization | the final stage of social movement, in which it is institutionalized and a formal structure develops to promote the cause; the clear, rule-governed procedures used repeatedly for decision making |
| What is the aim of all social movements? | change society |
| What do sociologists mean when they talk about social change? | transformations in social institutions, political organizations, and cultural norms across time |
| The causes of social change | demographics, politics, culture |
| Alternative social movement | seek the most limited societal change and often target a narrow group of people |
| Redemptive social movement | target specific groups but advocate for more radical change in behavior |
| Reformative social movement | advocate for limited social change across an entire society |
| Revolutionary social movement | advocate the radical reorganization of society |
Created by:
sbm4175
Popular Psychology sets