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Volcanoes
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Ring of Fire | area around the Pacific Ocean where a lot of volcanoes are found |
volcano | opening in Earth that erupts gases, ash, and lava |
acid raid | created from sulfuric gases from volcanos; kills animals and pollutes water |
vent | what magma flows out of |
crater | depression (low spot) around a vent |
plates | move together or apart to form volcanoes |
divergent plate | spread apart |
convergent plate | push together |
hot spot | created at boundary between mantle and core |
# of volcanoes in Hawaii | 5 |
Hawaiian volcanoes | Mauna Koa, Kilawea, Mauna Loa, Kohala, Hualalai |
explosive eruption | trapped gas, water vapor, granitic or andesitic magma |
quiet eruption | basaltic magma |
Pahoehoe lava | runs down the side of a volcano |
Aa lava | stiff, slow moving lava |
shield volcano | quiet eruption with gently sloping sides |
cinder cone volcano | tephra falls to the ground; steep sides |
tephra | bits of rocks or solidified lava |
composite volcano | alternating layers of quiet lava and explosive tephra |
batholith | magma being forced upward that cools slowly and solidifies before reaching the surface |
dike | magma that hardens after filling a crack that cuts across rock layers |
sill | magma that hardens after filling a crack parallel to rock layers |
volcanic neck | formed when cone erodes away leaving solid igneous core |
caldera | large depression formed when the top of a volcano collapses |
weathering | wears down surface rock to expose igneous features |