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ES EMAP Chapter 4

Plate Tectonics

TermDefinition
Alfred Wegener 1880-1930 German geophysicist & meteorologist who proposed the theory of Pangea.
Mesosaurus Freshwater reptile of the fossil record from the early Permian period; 271-297 million years ago. Distribution of this fossil supports the theory of continental drift.
Cynognathus Land-based reptile of fossil record from early to mid triassic; 237-247 million years ago. Distribution of this fossil supports the theory of continental drift.
Lystrosaurus Mammal-like reptile of the fossil record from early triassic; about 250 million years ago. Distribution of this fossil supports the theory of continental drift.
Glossopteris Seed-bearing fern of the fossil record from permian and triassic periods; 200-300 million years ago. Distribution of this fossil supports the theory of continental drift.
Harry Hess US Naval officer who developed the theory of seafloor spreading.
Paleomagnetism The study of ancient crust based on magnetic signatures left by earth's magnetic field.
Lithosphere The solid outer layer of the earth comprised of the crust and outer-most regions of the outer mantle.
Asthenosphere The plastic (flexible, moldable) layer of earth just below the lithosphere.
Convection Heat transfer through differences in density.
Conduction Heat transfer by direct contact.
Radiation Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves.
Convergence The process by which two lithospheric plates collide with one another.
Divergence The process by which two lithospheric plates separate from each other.
Transform A term that describes the motion of two lithospheric land masses past one-another; neither converging or diverging.
Subduction The movement of one plate beneath another at convergent plate boundaries.
James Hutton (1726-1797) Scottish scientist. Proposed the earth as a dynamic system in which crustal geography interacts on a timeless scale.
Plate Tectonics Theory that the earth's crust is made up of solid plates, drifting upon the plastic asthenosphere.
Seafloor Spreading Theory that new ocean crust is created at mid-ocean ridges which causes some continents to diverge.
Pangea Theory that all continents were once one super-continent.
Continental Drift Theory that continents are in continuous motion across the surface of the earth.
Rift Valley Structure formed at divergent plate boundaries.
Created by: MrGross
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