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Unit 3

The Restless Earth

TermDefinition
Alfred Wegener In 1912, he proposed the idea of continental drift.
asthenosphere The solid, less rigid layer of Earth. More putty-like, flows very slowly. The lithosphere "floats" on top of this layer.
compression stress associated with plates that push together.
continental drift hypothesis that today's continents were once part of a single landmass called Pangaea.
convection current any movement of matter that results from differences in density.
convergent boundary when tectonic plates move toward each other and possibly collide.
core divided into 2 sections based on their physical properties. Mainly made of iron and nickel.
crust Earth's thin, outer shell. Made of silicon and oxygen.
deformation the bending, tilting, and breaking of rock due to stress.
divergent boundary when two tectonic plates move away from one another.
earthquakes ground movement due to plate motion.
elastic rebound the return of rock to its original shape after elastic deformation occurs.
epicenter directly above the focus on Earth's surface.
fault a break in Earth's crust along which blocks of rock move.
focus a place within Earth, along a fault, at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs.
inner core that is solid due to intense pressure.
kinetic energy energy of motion
lithosphere the outermost physical layer of Earth. Solid, rigid layer. The top includes the crust, and the lower layer contains the upper mantle.
magnetic reversal a change of the magnetic poles. New rock at the mid ocean ridge forms with magnetic minerals within.
mantle layer below the crust. Dense; made of magnesium and iron.
mesosphere the lower part of the mantle. Located more in the "middle".
outer core that is liquid due to very high temperatures.
plate tectonics theory that Earth's surface is made up of giant, moving slabs.
P wave travels through solids, liquids, and gases. Arrives first; moves back and forth.
radioactive decay when unstable materials break down into stable ones.
sea floor spreading along mid ocean ridges, magma rises to the surface and solidifies, pushing older sea floor further away.
seismic waves of energy that move through rock.
shear Force associated with Plates that slide past one another.
subduction the process by which one tectonic plate is pulled beneath another plate.
S wave travels through solids only. Arrives second at a seismograph station. Move side to side.
tectonic plate giant moving slabs, divide up the lithosphere.
tectonic plate boundary where two or more tectonic plates meet.
tension stress associated with plates that pull apart.
theory a system of ideas that explains many related observations about nature.
transform boundary when two tectonic plates move past one another in opposite directions.
tsunami wall of water, can travel up to 800 km/hr. (497 MPH)
Created by: palmer_wwms
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