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Meteorology

TermDefinition
Atmosphere The envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet.
Troposphere the lowest region of the atmosphere, extending from the earth's surface to a height of about 3.7–6.2 miles (6–10 km), which is the lower boundary of the stratosphere.
Ionosphere the layer of the earth's atmosphere that contains a high concentration of ions and free electrons and is able to reflect radio waves. It lies above the mesosphere and extends from about 50 to 600 miles (80 to 1,000 km) above the earth's surface.
Ozone Layer a layer in the earth's stratosphere at an altitude of about 6.2 miles (10 km) containing a high concentration of ozone, which absorbs most of the ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth from the sun.
Chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs) compounds of carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and fluorine. They are harmful to the ozone layer in the earth's atmosphere owing to the release of chlorine atoms upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
Radiation the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles that cause ionization.
Conduction the process by which heat or electricity is directly transmitted through a substance when there is a difference of temperature or of electrical potential between adjoining regions, without movement of the material
Convection the movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat.
Hydrosphere all the waters on the earth's surface, such as lakes and seas, and sometimes including water over the earth's surface, such as clouds.
Condensation The conversion of a vapor or gas to a liquid
Coriolis effect a mass moving in a rotating system experiences a force acting perpendicular to the direction of motion and to the axis of rotation.
Jet stream a narrow, variable band of very strong, predominantly westerly air currents encircling the globe several miles above the earth. There are typically two or three jet streams in each of the northern and southern hemispheres.
Sea Breeze a breeze blowing toward the land from the sea, especially during the day owing to the relative warmth of the land.
Land Breeze a breeze blowing toward the sea from the land, especially at night, owing to the relative warmth of the sea.
Humidity atmospheric moisture
Dew Point the atmospheric temperature (varying according to pressure and humidity) below which water droplets begin to condense and dew can form.
Precipitation rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to the ground.
Weather Front A weather front is a boundary separating two masses of air of different densities, and is the principal cause of meteorological phenomena.
Weather Station Model A station model is a symbolic illustration showing the weather occurring at a given reporting station. Meteorologists created the station model to find a number of weather elements in a small space on weather maps.
Climate the weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period.
El Niño an irregularly occurring of climatic changes affecting the equatorial Pacific region and beyond every few years, characterized by the appearance of unusually warm, nutrient-poor water off northern Peru and Ecuador, typically in late December.
Global Warming a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants.
Created by: MayaSTX
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