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GCSE Crime
Criminal law
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Strict Liability | A crime that requires no mens rea |
| Intent | Desiring an outcome or knowing that it is virtually certain |
| Recklessness | Being aware that an outcome might happen |
| Actus reus | The physical element of a crime |
| AR of murder | Unlawful killing of a human being |
| MR of murder | Intent to kill or cause really serious harm |
| Omission | Failing to do something |
| Pittwood | Crossing guard failed to act |
| Miller | Man who caused fire failed to act |
| Stone & Dobinson | Couple failed to look after sister |
| White | D didn't cause the death of his mother - 'but for' test |
| Pagett | D caused his girlfriend's death by using her as a human shield |
| Jordan | Poor medical treatment broke the chain of causation |
| Smith | Being dropped from stretcher didn't break the chain of causation |
| Blaue | A 'thin skull' won't break the chain of causation |
| Diminished Responsibility | Partial defence to murder that depends on an abnormality of mental functioning |
| Loss of Control | Partial defence to murder that requires a 'trigger' of fear or anger |
| Gross Negligence Manslaughter | D owes a duty of care to V and breaches it to a criminal degree |
| Constructive Manslaughter | D commits an unlawful and dangerous act on V which causes death |
| Sentence for murder | Mandatory life sentence |
| Sentence for manslaughter | Discretionary (maximum) life sentence |
| Assault | Intentionally or recklessly causing fear of attack |
| Battery | Intentionally or recklessly applying unlawful force |
| ABH (S47) | An assault or battery that causes actual (more than minimal) harm. |
| Savage | For ABH D does not need to foresee harm, just to intend or be reckless about assault or battery |
| GBH (S20) | Causing serious harm or a wound with intent or recklessness as to causing some harm |
| GBH (S18) | Causing serious harm or a wound with intent |
| Theft | Dishonestly appropriating property belonging to another |
| Burglary | Trespassing with intent to cause GBH or steal, or trespassing and causing GBH or stealing |
| Aggravated burglary | Burglary with a weapon |
| Robbery | Theft with threat/use of force |
| Making off without payment | 'Doing a runner' |
| Eisenhower | Case that explains what a wound is |
| Savage | ABH case - she threw the drink AND the glass! |
| DPP v K | Indirect battery - acid in face |
| Ireland | Assault - silent phone calls |
| Theft | Dishonestly appropriating property belonging to another with the intent to permanently deprive |
| Burglary | Trespassing whilst intending to steal/commit GBH/commit criminal damage OR attempting to steal/commit GBH OR stealing/committing GBH |
| Robbery | Theft plus use or threat of force |
| Automatism | An external thing affects D, meaning that he can form no mens rea |
| Insanity | Defect of reason, caused by a disease of the mind |
| Consent | Where somebody agrees to something - may provide a general defence |
| Duress | Where a threat is made to force somebody to commit a crime - can't be used as a defence to murder |
| Intoxication | Where D cannot form mens rea because of drink or drugs. May provide a defence to Murder, GBH S18 and Theft. |
| Self-defence | Where reasonable force is used to protect yourself, others or property. |
Created by:
Mr Lovell
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