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Earthquakes

TermDefinition
Earthquake The shaking and vibrating of the Earth.
Crust The outermost layer of the Earth that we live on.
Mantle The layer of the earth between the crust. It's about 2900 thick and makes up about 83% of the earth's interior.
lithosphere The cool, solid, outer shell of the earth.
lithospheric plates The pieces of the lithosphere.
seismologist Someone who studies earthquakes.
P-Waves These compress and expand the ground like an accordion.
S-Waves These waves vibrate side to side and up and down.
Surface Waves These move slower than P-Waves and S-Waves.
Focus The point at which rock falls under stress breaks and triggers an earthquake.
Epicenter The point on the surface directly above the focus.
Richter Scale This rates magnitude using a seismograph.
Moment-Magnitude This rates the total energy released using seismographs and movement along the fault.
Mercalli Scale This rates earthquakes according to the amount of damage.
Seismic Waves Waves or vibrations that travel through the Earth carrying energy during an earthquake.
Magnitude A number geologists assign to an earthquake based on an earthquakes energy.
Seismograph An instrument that measures measures seismic waves.
Liquefaction This occurs when an earthquake's sudden shaking suddenly turns loose, soft soil into liquid mud.
Aftershock An earthquake that occurs after a large earthquake in the same area.
Tsunami The water displaced by an earthquake may form a large wave.
Base Isolators Shock-absorbing rubber pads or springs.
Shear Core Walls A shear core wall transfers some of an earthquakes energy from the roofs and floors to the buildings foundation.
Tension Ties These devices firmly "tie" the floors and ceilings of a building to a wall.
Cross Bracing Steel cross braces are placed between stories to stiffen a buildings frame and absorb the energy during an earthquake.
Mass Damper or Damper Earthquake dampers work like shock absorbers in a car and absorb some of the seismic energy.
Flexible Pipe Water and gas pipes have flexible joints. Flexible pipes bend as energy passes through them.
Compression This stress force squeezes rock until it folds of breaks.
Tension This type of stress pulls on the crust and stretches the rock so it becomes thinner in the middle. Hint: Candy Bar
Stress Forces that allow rock to become brittle and snap.
Strike-Slip Fault In places where the plates move past each other, shearing creates these faults.
Normal Fault In places where the rock of the crust is pushed together, compression causes this fault to form.
Reverse Fault In places where the rock of the crust us pushed together, compression causes this fault to form.
Shearing Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions.
San Andreas Fault A strike-slip fault in California.
Plateau This is a large area of flat land elevated high above sea level that can form from Earth's crust push up a large flat piece of rock.
Hanging Wall Mass of rock overhanging a fault plane.
Footwall A mass of rock lying beneath a fault plane.
Anticline Anticlines are folds in which each half of the fold dips away from the crest.
Syncline Synclines are folds in which each half of the fold dips toward the trough of the fold. You can remember the difference by noting that anticlines form an “A” shape, and synclines form the bottom of an “S.”
Outer Core The liquid hot outer layer of the core.
Inner Core The solid iron middle of the core.
Created by: 1970693329
Popular Earth Science sets

 

 



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