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RNA
transcription/translation/viruses
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the four types of RNA? | hnRNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA |
| What type of RNA is the precursor to mRNA? | hnRNA |
| What RNA carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm? | mRNA |
| How many strands are there in RNA? | one |
| What is the first step to making mRNA? | Excise introns |
| After excising introns, what is joined together? | Exons |
| What is the final step for creating mRNA from hnRNA? | Add a poly-5' tail and a 3'-methyl cap |
| What is the word that means that one strand of mRNA codes for one polypeptide? | Monosystronic |
| What enzyme creates mRNA? | RNA Polymerase II |
| mRNA's information is coded in what? | Triplets |
| A codon is a sequence of how many nucleotides? | Three |
| What is the function of tRNA? | Find, bind and carry correct amino acid to ribosome. |
| The tRNA bind with the proper amino acid and aligns with the mRNA according to its what? | Anti-codon |
| What does rRNA stand for? | Ribosomal RNA |
| What is rRNA's function? | Structural support to ribosomes during translation. |
| What is the most abundant RNA? | rRNA |
| What is the process that occurs when RNA is made from DNA? | Transcription |
| What are the three stages of translation? | Initiation, Elongation, Termination |
| What happens in initiation? | Ribosomes bind to recognition factors on 5' end of mRNA and scan for start codon. |
| What is the universal start codon? | 5'-AUG-3' |
| What are the three sites of elongation? | Active site, passive site, exit site |
| What type of bonds are shared between amino acids? | peptide |
| When does termination occur? | Ribosome encounters a STOP codon |
| What happens in post-translational processing? | Amino acids may be removed, polypeptide can be folded, and other molecules may be added. |
| How many different codon combinations are there? | 64 |
| How many amino acids are there? | 20 |
| Many different combinations of codons code for the same amino acid, this is because the genetic code is what? | Redundant |
| A substitution mutation when a nucleotide is replaced with another is called a what? | Point mutation |
| What is a frameshift mutation? | The addition or deletion of nucleotides. |
| Where are frameshift mutation effects noted? | Downstream |
| What happens in a nonsense mutation? | Mutation results in the formation of a stop codon. |
| What mutation occurs when there is no net effect on amino acid sequence because of a redundant genetic code? | Silent mutation |
| What is a missense mutation? | Mutation that results in change of amino acid sequence. |
| Uracil has how many rings? | One |
| What type of bond holds tRNA together? | Hydrogen |
| What viral cycle is when the virus takes over the cell and makes new viruses and eventually will lyse? | Lytic |
| What happens in lysogenic viral cycle? | The virus encuperates its DNA into cell but remains dormant until triggered? |
| What are the three types of polymerase and what do they make? | RNA polymerase I makes rRNA, II makes hnRNA, and III makes tRNA |
Created by:
moelk617
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