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Earthquakes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Stress | force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume |
| Tension | pulls on the crust, stretches rock causing it to become thinner in the middle |
| Compression | squeezes and pushes rock together until it folds or breaks |
| Shearing | pushes two masses of rock in two opposite directions, can cause masses of rock to slip |
| Faults | occur along boundaries, where the forces of the plate motion push or pull the crust so much that the crust breaks |
| Hanging Wall | rock that lies above the fault |
| Footwall | rock that lies below the fault |
| Normal Faults | fault is at an angle, so one block of rock lies above the fault (hanging wall) while the other block lies below the fault (footwall) |
| Reverse Faults | caused by compression. They have the same structure as a normal fault, but the blocks move in the opposite direction |
| Strike-Slip Faults | rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways, with little up or down motion |
| Anticline | a fold in rock that bends upward into an arch |
| Syncline | a fold in rock that bends downward to form a valley |
| Folded Mountain |
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