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defintion 6a

25 words

TermDefinition
Gene A segment of DNA in which the sequence of nucleotides codes for a specific protein (or part of a protein), which in turn contributes to a specific characteristics.
Cell division The division of one cell into two cells; includes mitosis and cytokinesis.
Interphase The phase of a cell's life before cell division; genes are copied during this period.
Sister chromatid One of two identical chromosomes formed from one original chromosome during mitosis.
Mitosis The duplication and separation of a cell's chromosomes; usually followed by cytokinesis.
Prophase The first phase of mitosis; when chromosomes coil and sister chromatids become obvious.
Metaphase The second phase of mitosis; the chromosomes align by their centromeres across the middle of the spindle.
Anaphase The third phase of mitosis; during this phase the daughter chromosomes move to opposite ends of the spindle.
Telophase The last phase of mitosis; when sister chromatids reach the ends of the spindle and the nucleus re-forms.
Cytokinesis The division of the cytoplasm during the process of cell division.
Asexual Reproduction The production of a new organism without the joining of gametes; reproduction that takes place by mitotic cell division.
Sexual Reproduction The joining of haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote, which develops into a new individual.
Budding Asexual reproduction in which a portion of the parent separations to form a new organism.
Spore A cell with a hard protective covering; under favorable conditions it can produce a new organism.
Meiosis The process whereby one diploid cell forms haploid cells (gametes).
Deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) The nucleic acid that carries genetic information; usually found in the nucleus.
Nucleotide The basic structural unit of DNA and RNA; contains a sugar, a phosphate, and a base.
Replication The process of forming to DNA molecules from one original DNA molecule.
Ribonucleic acid(RNA) A nucleic acid made of a single chain of nucleotides; functions with ribosomes to form proteins.
Messenger RNA(mRNA) The RNA molecule tat transports a coded message from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
Transcription The manufacture of a single mRNA strand from a DNA molecule.
Protein Synthesis the manufacturing of protein inside a cell.
Transfer RNA(tRNA) The RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to the messenger RNA.
Codon A sequence of three nucleotides in a DNA molecule; each codon identifies an amino acid to be used in the protein coded by the DNA.
Regeneration The ability to replace a missing structures; in some organisms, serve as a method of sexual reproduction.
Created by: yoceli
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