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defintion 6a
25 words
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Gene | A segment of DNA in which the sequence of nucleotides codes for a specific protein (or part of a protein), which in turn contributes to a specific characteristics. |
Cell division | The division of one cell into two cells; includes mitosis and cytokinesis. |
Interphase | The phase of a cell's life before cell division; genes are copied during this period. |
Sister chromatid | One of two identical chromosomes formed from one original chromosome during mitosis. |
Mitosis | The duplication and separation of a cell's chromosomes; usually followed by cytokinesis. |
Prophase | The first phase of mitosis; when chromosomes coil and sister chromatids become obvious. |
Metaphase | The second phase of mitosis; the chromosomes align by their centromeres across the middle of the spindle. |
Anaphase | The third phase of mitosis; during this phase the daughter chromosomes move to opposite ends of the spindle. |
Telophase | The last phase of mitosis; when sister chromatids reach the ends of the spindle and the nucleus re-forms. |
Cytokinesis | The division of the cytoplasm during the process of cell division. |
Asexual Reproduction | The production of a new organism without the joining of gametes; reproduction that takes place by mitotic cell division. |
Sexual Reproduction | The joining of haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote, which develops into a new individual. |
Budding | Asexual reproduction in which a portion of the parent separations to form a new organism. |
Spore | A cell with a hard protective covering; under favorable conditions it can produce a new organism. |
Meiosis | The process whereby one diploid cell forms haploid cells (gametes). |
Deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) | The nucleic acid that carries genetic information; usually found in the nucleus. |
Nucleotide | The basic structural unit of DNA and RNA; contains a sugar, a phosphate, and a base. |
Replication | The process of forming to DNA molecules from one original DNA molecule. |
Ribonucleic acid(RNA) | A nucleic acid made of a single chain of nucleotides; functions with ribosomes to form proteins. |
Messenger RNA(mRNA) | The RNA molecule tat transports a coded message from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. |
Transcription | The manufacture of a single mRNA strand from a DNA molecule. |
Protein Synthesis | the manufacturing of protein inside a cell. |
Transfer RNA(tRNA) | The RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to the messenger RNA. |
Codon | A sequence of three nucleotides in a DNA molecule; each codon identifies an amino acid to be used in the protein coded by the DNA. |
Regeneration | The ability to replace a missing structures; in some organisms, serve as a method of sexual reproduction. |