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Cell Reproduction

cell cycle, mitosis

TermDefinition
cell cycle process of cellular reproduction including cell growth and division; three main stages: interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis
interphase first stage of the cell cycle during which a cell grows, matures and replicates its DNA. Longest phase.
mitosis second phase of cell cycle in which the cell's duplicated DNA divides into two; nuclear division.
cytokinesis 3rd stage of the cell cycle in which the cell's cytoplasm divides creating a new cell.
chromosome Condensed DNA containing structure that carries genetic material. Appears during cell division
chromatin relaxed form of DNA in the nucleus of a cell.
prophase first stage of mitosis during which the cell's chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
sister chromatid structure that contains identical DNA copies. Each half of the "X" joined at the centromere.
centromere cell structure that joins two sister chromatids (narrow waist)
spindle apparatus structure made of spindle fibers, centrioles that moves and organizes chromosomes during cell division.
metaphase second stage of mitosis in which sister chromatids are lined up at the cell's equator (center).
anaphase third stage of mitosis in which sister chromatids are pulled apart toward the opposite poles of the cell.
telophase last stage of mitosis in which nucleoli reappear and nuclear membranes begin to form. Cell is not completely divided yet.
cyclins and kinases proteins and enzymes that regulate the cell cycle.
cancer uncontrolled cell growth
carcinogen cancer-causing substance
apoptosis programmed cell death
stem cell an unspecialized cell that can become specialized under certain conditions
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