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Unit 4 Semester 1
Geologic History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| abiotic | not biotic; that is, not of, relating to, or caused by living organisms |
| absolute dating | a way of finding out the actual age of an object or event |
| asteroid | any of the thousands of small bodies from 480 miles (775 km) to less than one mile (1.6 km) in diameter that orbit the sun |
| coprolite | fossilized excrement of a vertebrate |
| deposition | the laying, placing, or accumulation of any material; specifically, the accumulation into beds, veins, or irregular masses by way of minerals precipitating from solution or by the accumulation of organic matter |
| ecosystem | a community or group of organisms living and interacting with each other and their environment |
| evolution | the process whereby groups of organisms evolve, or come to differ from their ancestors, through various means, including natural selection and genetic factors |
| extinction | the disappearance of all members of a species so that the species no longer occurs anywhere |
| fault | a break in the lithosphere along which bodies of rock can move |
| fossil | the trace or remains of an organism preserved in rock |
| fossilization | ball the processes involved in preserving an organism, from burial in sediment to eventual preservation of all, part, or traces of it |
| geologic time scale | chronological sequence of geologic events used as a measure of the duration or age of any part of geologic time |
| half life | the time needed for half of a sample of radioactive material to decay |
| igneous rock | rock formed by the cooling and solidification of hot liquid magma or lava |
| intrusion | the process of magma becoming situated in existing rock; also the igneous rock mass, within the surrounding rock, resulting from that process |
| iridium | a rare, hard, and heavy metallic element |
| isotope | atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons in the nucleus |
| meteorite | a meteor that hits the surface of the earth, having made it through the atmosphere without vaporizing completely |
| natural selection | the process by which individuals tend to be eliminated from a population so that they leave few descendants to pass on their characteristics |
| neutron | a neutral particle with approximately the same mass as a proton, found in nuclei of atoms along with protons |
| nucleus | the positively charged central part of the atom |
| outcrop | part of a rock formation that appears at the surface |
| proton | a positively charged particle found in the nuclei of atoms |
| radiometric dating | also isotopic dating; method to calculate age of a geologic material by measuring its content of a short lived radioactive element or its content of a long lived radioactive element and that element´s decay product |
| relative dating | a way of finding out if one object or event is older or younger than another object or event |
| sedimentary rock | rock formed when sediments are compressed together and lithified (turned to stone; that is, consolidated from loose sediment to solid rock |
| uniformitarianism | the idea that processes at work today on earth are the same processes that worked on earth in the past; accounts for geologic features and geologic changes |
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