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Life Sci - Chap 6
Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Explain the differences between genes and DNA? | Inherited characteristics are determined by genes. DNA is the material that determines inherited characteristics, so DNA is more detailed than genes. |
| What is DNA? | genetic material that determines inherited characteristics-present in all living things. (deoxyribonucleic acid) |
| List the four nucleotides of DNA. | Adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine |
| List the four nucleotides of RNA. | adenine, uracil, cytosine and guanine |
| Which pair of nucleotides pair with each other in DNA? | adenine and thymine (A T), and cytosine and guanine (C G) |
| Which pair of nucleotides pair with each other in RNA? | adenine and uracil; and cytosine and guanine AU, CG |
| Sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogenous base is called? | A nucleotide |
| Who is the founder of the modern DNA model? | Watson and Crick |
| Who discovered the nitrogenous bases of DNA? | Erwin Chargaff |
| Who was the first to take an image of DNA? | Rosiland Franklin |
| What is the modern description of DNA? (What does it look like?) | a double helix (twisted ladder) |
| The sides of DNA are made of? | Alternating sugar parts and phosphate parts |
| Where is DNA found in the cell? | In the nucleus |
| Explain the difference between RNA and DNA? | RNA (one side copies) serves as a temporary copy of a DNA (2 sides copiesd) sequence |
| What is RNA? | A molecule that helps make proteins (ribonucleic acid) |
| A group of three nitrogenous bases form what? | The codes for specific amino acids |
| mRNA reads DNA inside the _______________ | the nucleus |
| Strands of amino acids make up | A protein molecule |
| Proteins are made by what organelle? | ribosomes |
| What does mRNA do for the cell? | It takes the code to the ribosome |
| What does tRNA stand for? | transfer RNA |
| What does tRNA do for the cell? | It translates the RNA message - eachtRNA picks up a specific amino acid creating a chain of amino acids |
| A change in nucleotide-base sequence of DNA is called___________ | a mutation |
| A mutagen is a ______________ | Physical or chemical agent that causes a mutation to RNA or DNA |
| A mutation is ____________________ | change in the number, type or order of bases on a piece of DNA or RNA - caused by a mutagen. |
| Describe the deletion mutation. | A base is left out |
| Describe the insertion mutation. | A base is added |
| Describe a substitution mutation. | when the wrong base is used |
| What are examples of common mutagens? | high-energy radiation from x-rays, ultraviolet radiation, asbestos, chemicals |
| Describe the other side or complementary base of this sequence. AGCTTCAGTCCAGGATC | TCGAAGTCAGGTCCTAG - DNA UCGAAGUCAGGUCCUAG-mRNA AGCUUCAGUCCAGGAUC-tRNA |
| When scientists manipulate individual genes this is called____________? | genetic engineering |
| What is DNA fingerprinting? | identifies unique patterns in a person's DNA |
| Acts as chemical triggers and messengers for many of the processes within cells. (19) | proteins |
Created by:
msparks
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