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Chapter 10, Sec. 4
Vocab for 10.4 Biology
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Anticodon | A region of tRNA that consists of three bases complementary to the codon of mRNA |
Codon | In DNA, a three-nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start signal or a stop signal |
Genetic code | The rule that describes how a sequence of nucleotides, read in groups of three consecutive nucleotides (triplets) that correspond to specific amino acids, specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein |
Genome | The complete genetic material contained in an individual |
Messenger RNA (mRNA) | A single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes the information to make a protein |
Promoter | A nucleotide sequence on a DNA molecule to which an RNA polymerase molecule binds, which initiates the transcription of a specific gene |
Protein synthesis | The formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA |
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) | A natural polymer that is present in all living cells |
Ribose | A five-carbon sugar present in RNA |
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | An organelle that contains most of the RNA in a cell |
RNA polymerase | An enzyme that starts (catalyzes) the formation of RNA by using a strand of a DNA molecule as a template |
Termination signal | A specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene |
Transcription | The process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template; particularly the process of synthesizing RNA by using one strand of a DNA molecule as a template |
Transfer RNA (tRNA) | An RNA molecule that transfer amino acids to the growing end of a polypeptide chain during translation |
Translation | The portion of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes and that uses the codons in mRNA molecules to specify the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains |