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Biology: Chapter 104
Chapter 10.4 Vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis |
Transcription | the process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template; particularly the process of synthesizing RNA by using one strand of a DNA molecule as a template |
Protein Synthesis | the formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA |
Ribose | a five-carbon sugar present in RNA |
Messenger RNA (mRNA) | a single-stranded RNA molecule that carries the instructions from a gene to make a protein |
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | a part of the structure of ribosomes |
Transfer RNA (tRNA) | transfers amino acids to the ribosome to make a protein |
RNA Polymerase | an enzyme that starts (catalyzes) the formation of RNA by using a strand of DNA molecule as a template |
Promoter | a nucleotide sequence on a DNA molecule to which an RNA polymerase molecule binds, which initiates the transcription of a specific gene |
Termination Signal | a specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene |
Genetic Code | the rule that describes how a sequence of nucleotides, read in groups of three consecutive nucleotides (triplets) that correspond to specific amino acids, specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein |
Codon | in DNA, a three-nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start signal or a stop signal |
Anticodon | a region of tRNA that consists of three bases complementary to the codon of mRNA |
Genome | the complete genetic material contained in an individual |