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Biology chapt 7
Bio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell | basic unit of all forms of life |
| cell theory | idea that all living things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic unit of all forms of structure and function and new cells are produced from exiting cells |
| nuncleus | the center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons |
| eukaryote | organisms whose cells contain a nuclei |
| prokaryote | unicellular organism lacking nucleus |
| what are proteins assembled on? | ribosomes |
| Chloroplasts | capture light energy from sunlight and convert into chemical energy |
| organelle | specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell |
| cytoplasm | material inside the cell membrane, not including the nucleus |
| nuclear envelope | material of two membranes that surround the nucleus of a cell |
| chromatin | granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins |
| chromosome | threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next |
| ribosome | small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein |
| nucleolus | small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of protein begins |
| endoplasmic reticulum | internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified |
| Golgi apparatus | stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum |
| lysosome | cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell |
| vacuole | salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| mitochondrion | cell organelle that converts that chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| chloroplast | organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy and converts into chemical energy |
| cytoskeleton | network of proteins filaments within some cells that help the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement |
| centriole | one of two structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near nuclear envelope |
| What do all cells have? | a cell membrane |
| Osmosis | the diffusion of water through a selectivity permeable membrane |
| cell membrane | thin, flexible barrier around a cell. Regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| cell wall | strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants algae and some bacteria |
| lipid bilayer | double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes |
| concentration | the mass of solute in a given volume of solution or mass/volume |
| diffusion | process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are less concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated |
| equilibrium | when the concentration of solute is the same throughout a solution |
| osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| active transport | energy requiring process that moves materials across a cell membrane against a concentration difference |
| What is the level of organization? | individual cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems |
| cell specialization | the process in which cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks |
| tissue | group of similar cells that per for a particular functions |
| organ systems | group of organs that work together to perform a specific function |
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RubySerenity
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