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Chapter 15
The Biosphere
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Biosphere | the part of Earth where life exists |
| Biota | the collection of living things that live in the biosphere |
| Hydrosphere | all of Earth's water, ice, and water vapor |
| Atmosphere | the air blanketing Earth's solid and liquid surface |
| Geosphere | the features of Earth's surface-- such as the continents, rocks, and the sea floor |
| Climate | the long-term pattern of weather conditions in a region |
| Microclimate | the climate of a small specific place within a larger area |
| Canopy | the uppermost branches of the trees |
| Grassland | area where the primary plant life is grass |
| Desert | Biome that receives less than 25 cm of precipitation; dry, arid climate |
| Decidous | ______ trees haves adapted to winter temperatures by dropping their leaves, and going dormant during the cold season |
| Coniferous | ______ trees retain their needles all year |
| Taiga | Known as the boreal forest |
| Tundra | located beyond the taiga in far northern latitudes; temperature is below freezing in winter |
| Chaparral | called the Mediterranean shrubland; characterized by its hot, dry summers and cool, moist winters |
| Intertidal Zone | strip of land between the high and low tide lines |
| Neritic zone | extends from the intertidal zone out to the edge of the continental shelf |
| Bathyal zone | extends from the edge of the neritic zone to the base of the continental shelf |
| Abyssal zone | lies below 2000 meters and is in complete darkness |
| Plankton | tiny free-floating organisms that live in the water |
| Zooplankton | another term for animal plankton |
| Phytoplanton | photosynthetic plankton |
| Coral reef | found within the tropical climate zone |
| Kelp forests | exist in cold, nutrient-rich waters |
| Estuary | partially enclosed body of water formed where a river flows in an ocean |
| Watershed | a region of land that drains into a river, a river system, or another body of water |
| Littoral zone | similar to the oceanic intertidal zone, and is located between the high and low water marks along the shoreline |
| Limnetic zone | refers to the open water located farther out from shore |
| Benthic zone | lake or pond bottom, where less sunlight reaches |
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