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APES Ch. 10 Vocab
Land, Public and Private - AP Environmental Science, Chapter 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The tragedy of the commons | The tendency of a shared, limited resource to become depleted because people act from self-interest for short-term gain |
| Externality | A cost of benefit of a good that is not included in the purchase price of that good or service |
| Maximum sustainable yield | The maximum amount of a renewable resource that can be harvested without compromising its future availability |
| Clear-cutting | A method of harvesting trees that involves removing all or almost all of the trees within an area |
| Selective cutting | The method of harvesting trees that involves the removal of single trees or a relatively small number of trees among many in a forest |
| Ecologically sustainable forestry | An approach to removing trees from forests in ways that do not unduly affect the viability of other trees |
| Tree plantations | Large areas typically with a single rapidly-growing tree species |
| Prescribed burn | A fire deliberately set under controlled conditions in order to reduce the accumulation of dead biomass on a forest floor |
| National wildlife refuges | Federal public lands managed for the primary purpose of protecting wildlife |
| National wilderness areas | Areas set aside with the intent of preserving a large tract of intact ecosystems or a landscape |
| National Environmental Policy Act | A 1969 U.S. federal act that mandates an environmental assessment of all projects involving federal money or federal permits - requires developers to provide an environmental impact statement and sometimes an environmental mitigation plan |
| Environmental impact statement | A document outlining the scope and purpose of a development project, describing the environmental context, suggesting alternate approaches to the project, and analyzing the environmental impact of each alternative |
| Environmental mitigation plan | A plan that outlines how a developer will address concerns raised by a project's impact on the environment |
| Endangered Species Act | A 1973 U.S. act designed to protect species from extinction |
| Suburban | Areas surrounding a metropolitan center, with comparatively low population density |
| Exurban | Areas similar to suburbs, but unconnected to any central city of densely populated area |
| Urban sprawl | Urbanized areas that spread into rural areas, removing clear boundaries between the two |
| Urban blight | The degradation of the built social environments of the city that often accompanies and accelerates migration to the suburbs |
| Highway Trust Fund | A U.S. federal fund that pays for the construction and maintenance of roads and highways |
| Induced demand | A phenomenon in which an increase in the supply of a good causes the demand to grow (ex: better, larger roads encourage people to live farther away from where they work) |
| Zoning | A planning tool used to separate industry and business from residential neighborhoods |
| Multi-use zoning | A zoning classification that allows retail and high-density residential development to coexist in the same area |
| Smart growth | A set of principles for community planning that focuses on strategies to encourage the development of healthy, sustainable communities |
| Stakeholders | People or organizations with an interest in a particular place or issue |
| Sense of place | The feeling that an area has a distinct and meaningful character |
| Transit-oriented development | Development that attempts to focus dense residential and retail development around stops for public transportation, a component of smart growth |
| Infill | Development that fills vacant lots within existing communities |
| Urban growth boundaries | Restrictions on development outside a designated area |
Created by:
emilyjane1221
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