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APES Ch. 9 Vocab
Water Resources - AP Environmental Science, Chapter 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Aquifers | Permeable layers of rock and sediment in which groundwater exists |
| Uncontained aquifers | Porous rock covered by soil, water can easily flow in and out |
| Confined aquifers | Aquifers surrounded by a layer of impermeable rock or clay that impedes water flow |
| Water table | The uppermost layer at which the water in a given area fully saturates the rock or soil - the surface of groundwater in an area |
| Recharge | The input of water from precipitation that percolates through the soil into an aquifer |
| Springs | Water that naturally percolates up to the ground surface, natural source of water for aquatic biomes and drinking |
| Artesian wells | Wells formed by drilling through the wall of a high-pressure contained aquifer - this causes water to rise sometimes all the way to the ground surface |
| Cone of depression | An area where there is no longer any groundwater, forms around a well from which water is rapidly withdrawn |
| Saltwater intrusion | When saltwater infiltrates areas that are being rapidly pumped |
| Floodplain | Land adjacent to rivers where water overflows during spring snowmelt or heavy rainfall |
| Oligotrophic | Describes lakes with low productivity due to low amounts of nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen |
| Mesotrophic | Describes lakes with moderate productivity |
| Eutrophic | Describes lakes with high productivity due to high amounts of nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen |
| Impermeable surfaces | Pavement or buildings that don't allow for water penetration |
| Levee | A large bank built on each side of a river to prevent flooding |
| Dike | Like a levee, but meant to prevent ocean water from flooding adjacent land |
| Dam | A barrier that runs across a river or stream to control the flow of water |
| Reservoir | Water stored behind a dam |
| Fish ladder | Built like a set of stairs with water over them, added to dams to allow fish to swim to breeding grounds |
| Aqueducts | Canals or ditches used to carry water from one location to another |
| Desalination | Removing salt from water |
| Hydroponic agriculture | The cultivation of crops under greenhouse conditions, with the roots immersed in nutrient-rich water but no soil (no pesticides used) |
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