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Earthquake

TermDefinition
earthquake the shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath earth's surface.
crust the layer of rock that forms earth's outer surface.
fault a break or crack in earth's lithosphere along which the rocks move.
mantle the layer of hot, solid material between earth's crust and core.
lithosphere a rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust.
lithosphereric the plates in the outer crust.
seismologists a person who studies energy waves caused by rocks suddenly breaking apart with in the earth.
P-wave type of wave called seismic waves, that travel through a continuum
S-wave seismic wave that shakes the ground back and forth
Surface waves mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media
Focus center point, of attraction, attention, or activity
Epicenter the location where the greatest damage associated with an earthquake occurs
richer scale earthquake with a magnitude of 1 is detectable only by seismograph
moment- magnitude scale used by seismologists to measure size of an earthquake
mercali scale seismic scale used to measure the intensity of an earthquake
seismic waves elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake
magnitude the greatest size or extent of something
seismograph measures and records details of earthquakes
liquefaction strength and stiffness of the soil reduced by an earthquake
aftershock smaller earthquake after a lager earthquake
tsunami long high sea waves caused by an earthquake
base isolator designed to reduce the amount of energy that reaches the building during an earthquake.
shear core/walls shear wall transfers some of a quakes energy from roofs to floors to the building foundation and roof.
tension ties these devices firmly tie the floors and ceilings of a building to a walls.
cross bracing steel cross bracing are placed between stories to stiffen a building's frame and absorbs energy during an earthquake.
mass damper dampers that work like the shock absorbs in a car to absorb some of the energy of seismic waves.
flexible pipe is water and gas pipes that have flexible joints. Flexible pipes bend as energy goes through them, greatly reducing damage
compression stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks.
tension stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle.
stress a force that acts on rock to change its shape and volume.
strike-slip fault a type of fault where rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up or down motion.
normal fault a type of fault where the hanging wall sides downward; caused by tension in the crust.
reverse fault a type a fault where the hanging wall sides upward; caused by compression in the crust.
shearing stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions, in a sideways movement.
San Andreas Fault a fault in California.
plateau a land form that has high elevation and a more or less level surface.
hanging wall the block of rock that forms the upper half of a fault.
foot wall the block of rock that forms the lower half of a fault.
Anticline an upward fold in rock former by compression of earths crust.
Syncline a downward fold in rock formed by compression of earths crust.
asthenospere located in the upper mantle, between the depths of 100 to 660 kilometers and not rocky material.
mantle is solid rock
crust very thin outer skin
inner core is solid
outer core is fluid
lithosphere includes the upppermost mantle, strong and has cool rocks.
Created by: 1964523420
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