Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Earthquakes
science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| earthquake | vibrations in the earth caused by the sudden release of energy, usually as a result of the movement of rocks along a fault |
| crust | the earth's outer layer;the coolest and least dense layer of the earth |
| fault | a fracture in bedrock,along which blocks move |
| mantle | the layer of the earth beneath the crust;it is about 2900 km thick, and it makes up about 83% of the earth's interior |
| lithosphere | the cool, solid outer shell of the earth |
| lithospheric plates | it consists of the crust and the rigid uppermost part of the mantle and is broken up into segments |
| seismologists | scientists who study earthquakes |
| P-waves | causes buildings to contract and expand |
| S-waves | shakes buildings from side to side |
| Surface waves | slowest seismic wave that produce the most severe ground movement |
| focus | the point at which a rock under stress breaks and triggers an earthquake |
| epicenter | the point on the surface directly above the focus |
| Richter Scale | rates the earthquake using magnitude to determine the size of the earthquake's waves |
| Moment Magnitude Scale | rates the amount of energy released and the amount of movement along the fault |
| Mercalli Scale | rates earthquake by the amount of damage caused by the earthquake |
| seismic waves | vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake |
| magnitude | a measurement of earthquake strength |
| seismograph | records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through the Earth |
| liquefaction | occurs when an earthquake violent shaking suddenly turns loose,soft soil into liquid mud |
| aftershock | an earthquake that occurs after a large earthquake centered in the same area |
| tsunmai | the water displaced by a strong earthquake on the ocean floor forms large waves |
| base isolators | separate or isolate a building from its foundation and prevent some of an earthquake's energy from entering the building |
| shear core walls | transfers some of a quake's energy from roofs and floors to the building's foundation |
| tension ties | tie the floors and ceilings of a building to the wall |
| mass damper | work like shock absorbers in a car to absorb the energy of seismic waves |
| cross bracing | placed between stories to stiffen a building's frame and absorb energy during an earthquake |
| flexible pipe | bend as energy passes through them,greatly reducing damage |
| compression | pushes rock together |
| tension | stretches rock |
| stress | refers to force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume |
| Strike-Slip Fault | the rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other |
| Normal Fault | tension in Earth's crust pulls rock apart |
| Reverse Fault | the blocks move in the opposite direction |
| shearing | stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions |
| San Andreas Fault | strike-slip fault |
| plateau | a large area of flat land elevated high above sea level |
| hanging wall | the block of rock that lies above |
| footwall | the rock that lies below |
| anticline | a fold in rock that bends upward into an arch |
| syncline | a fold in rock that bends downward to form a valley |
Created by:
1964362684
Popular Earth Science sets