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SLS Sci10 Nuclear NT
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| alpha particle | a positively charged atomic particle that is much more massive than either a beta particle or gamma radiation and is relatively slow moving; has same combination of particles as the nucleus of a helium atom |
| beta particle | a high speed electron; emitted by a radioactive nucleus in beta decay |
| chain reaction | an ongoing process in which one fission reaction initiates the next reaction |
| daughter isotope | the stable product of radioactive decay |
| decay curve | a curved line on a graph that shows the rate at which radioisotopes decay |
| fission | a nuclear reaction in which a large nucleus breaks apart, producing two or more smaller nuclei, subatomic particles, and energy |
| fusion | a process in which two low mass nuclei join together to make a more massive nucleus |
| gamma radiation | rays of highenergy, short-wavelength radiation emitted from the nuclei of atoms |
| half-life | the time it takes for a living tissue, organ, organism, or ecosystem to eliminate one half of a substance, in physics, the time required for half the nuclei in a sample of a radioactive isotope to decay, which is constant for any radioactive isotope |
| isotopes | different atoms of a particular element that have the same number of protons but a different numbers of neutrons |
| light | one form of radiation that is visible to humans |
| mass number | the total number of protons and neutrons found in the nucleus of an atom |
| nuclear equation | a set of symbols that indicates changes in the nuclei of atoms during a nuclear reaction |
| nuclear reaction | the process in which an atom’s nucleus changes by gaining or releasing particles or energy |
| parent isotope | the isotope that undergoes radioactive decay |
| radiation | high-energy rays and particles emitted by radioactive sources |
| radioactive decay | the process in which the nuclei of radioactive parent isotopes emit alpha, beta, or gamma radiation to form decay products |
| radiocarbon dating | determining the age of an object by measuring the amount of carbon-14 remaining in it |
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