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Earthquakes

Earthquake Terms (Chapter 14 science)

wordDefinition
faults a large fracture in rocks, form several meters to many kilometers long, where rocks not only crack but also move along either side of the break.
earthquakes the movement of the ground, caused by waves from energy released as rocks move along faults
normal fault a pull-apart (tension) fracture in rocks, where rocks that are above the fault surface drop downward in relation to rocks that are below the fault surface.
reverse fault a compression fracture in rocks, where rocks that are above the fault surface are forced up over rocks that are below the fault surface.
strike-slip fault a break in rocks where rocks on either side of the fault move past each other (instead of above or below each other).
seismic waves the energy waves that make the ground quake during an earthquake
focus in a earthquake, the point in earth's interior where movement releases energy to cause the earthquake.
primary waves waves of energy, released during an earthquake, that travel through earth by compressing particles in rocks in the same direction the wave is traveling.
secondary waves waves of energy, released during an earthquake, that travel through earth by moving particles in rocks at right angels to the direction the wave is traviling
epicenter the point on earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus
surface waves waves of energy, released during an earthquake, that reach Earth's surface and travel outward from the epicenter in all directions
Moho discontinuity the boundary between Earth's crust and the upper mantle; seismic waves travel slower above the Moho and faster below it.
seimologists a scientist who studies earthquakes and seismic waves
seismograph an instrument that records earthquake waves
magnitude in earthquake studies, a measure of the energy released by an earthquake
tsunamis an ocean wave caused by an earthquake
seismic-safe describes structures that are resistant to movements from an earthquake
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