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chapter 8 section 2
cell division
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| binary fission | a form of asexual reproduction in single- celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size. |
| mitosis | in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division tha forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes |
| asexual reproduction | reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
| meiosis | a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells |
| gamete | a haploid reproductive cell that unites with another haploid reproductive cell to form a zygote |
| interphase | a period between two mitotic or meiotic division during which the cell grows, copies its DNA, and synthesizes proteins |
| cytokinesis | the division of the cytoplasma of the cell; it follows the division of the cell's nucleus by mitosis or meiosis |
| prophase | the first stage of meiosis and mitosis in cell division; characterized by the condensation of the chromosomes and the dissolution of the nuclear envelope |
| spindle fibers | one of the microtubules that extend across a dividing eukaryotic cell; assists in the movement of chromosomes |
| metaphase | one of the stages of meiosis and mitosis, during which all of the chromosomes move to the cell's equator |
| anaphase | a phase of meiosis and mitosis in which the chromosomes separate |
| telophase | the final stage of mitosis or meiosis, during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes |
| cell plate | the precursor of a new plant cell wall that forms during cell division and divides a cell into two |