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Microbiology
Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Amino | NH2 |
| Hydroxyl | OH |
| Carboxyl | COOH |
| Sulfide | SH |
| Carbonyl | CO |
| Phosphate | H2PO4 |
| Glycosidic Bond | Two hydroxyls (Carbs) |
| Ester Bond | Hydroxyl + Carboxyl (Lipids) |
| Phosphoester | Hydroxyl + Phosphate (phospholipids) |
| Thioester | Sulfhydryl + Carboxyl |
| Peptide | Amino + Carboxyl |
| Anhydridc | Two phosphates |
| Gram Positive contains | -lipoteichoic acid -mycolic acids -polysaccharides |
| Gram Negative contains | -lipoprotein -porin proteins -lipopolysaccharides |
| Both Gram negative and positive contain | -peptidoglycan |
| Gram positive permeability & stain | -more permeable -stains purple |
| Gram negative permeability & stain | -less permeable -stains red |
| coccus/ diplococci / tetrads | round/ 2 round / 4 round |
| streptococci | chains of coccus |
| staphlococci | clusters of coccus |
| sarcina | cubes of coccus |
| bacillus/ diplo bacilli | rod shaped/ 2 rod |
| coccobacillus | short & plump rod |
| steptobacilli | chain bacillus |
| vibrio | gently curved |
| spirilum | spiral shaped |
| spirochete | spiral, flexible, flagella |
| Eukaryotic cells distinct characteristics | -true nucleus & nuclear envelope -mitosis -golgi apparatus -ER -mitochondria -cilia (some) -larger than proks |
| Both Euk & Prok | -nucleic acids -chromosomes (some prok) -ribosomes (some prok) -enzymes -flagella (some) -cell membrane -cell wall (some) -capsule (some) |
| Mitosis: Interphase | 1. chromosomes as chromatin |
| Mitosis: Prophase | 2. chromosomes with a thread like appearance |
| Mitosis: Metaphase | 3. cross shaped chromosomes, duplicates attached at center point *nuclear membrane disrupted |
| Mitosis: Anaphase | 4. Spindle fibers attach & facilitate separation of individual chromosomes |
| Mitosis: Telophase | 5. completes chromosomal separation |
| Endosymbiosis Theory | -Lynn Marguilis, 1967 1. prok engulfed, survives surrounded by membrane 2. bacteria multiplies, passed on in cell division, is an energy source 3. euk develops additional membrane pouches [ER & golgi] |
| Evidence for endosymbiosis theory | -mitochondria have bacterial membranes & are sensitive to bacterial antibiotics -DNA is circular -function of enzymes in inner membrane similar -tRNAs in mitosis similar in both |
| Characteristics of life | -growth -metabolism -reproduction -response to stimuli -cell support/ protection -transport of nutrients & wastes |
| sporulation | formation of endospores hardiest of all life forms not means of reproduction |
| germination | return to vegetative growth |
| Rough ER | proteins synthesized & packaged |
| Smooth ER | nutrient processing, storage of lipids |
| Golgi | packages proteins stack of flattened sheets: cisternae |
| Lysosomes | enzymes, digestion of food, protection |
| Mitochondria | energy production, folds (cristae): hold enzymes and electron carriers divide independently |
| Ribosomes | rRNA & proteins protein synthesis |
Created by:
brit24
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