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Unit 4 Vocabulary
Meteorology Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ozone | a colorless unstable toxic gas with a pungent odor and powerful oxidizing properties, formed from oxygen by electrical discharges or ultraviolet light. |
| Trophosphere | the lowest region of the atmosphere |
| Stratosphere | the layer of the earth's atmosphere above the troposphere |
| Mesosphere | the region of the earth's atmosphere above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere |
| Thermosphere | the region of the atmosphere above the mesosphere and below the height at which the atmosphere ceases to have the properties of a continuous medium |
| Conduction | he process by which heat or electricity is directly transmitted through a substance when there is a difference of temperature or of electrical potential between adjoining regions, without movement of the material. |
| Convection | the movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, |
| Radiation | the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles that cause ionization. |
| Reflection | the throwing back by a body or surface of light, heat, or sound without absorbing it. |
| Scattering | the process in which electromagnetic radiation or particles are deflected or diffused. |
| Greenhouse effect | a glass building in which plants are grown that need protection from cold weather. |
| Albedo | the proportion of the incident light or radiation that is reflected by a surface, typically that of a planet or moon. |
| Isotherms | a curve on a diagram joining points representing states or conditions of equal temperature. |
| Precipitation | the action or process of precipitating a substance from a solution. |
| Latent Heat | the heat required to convert a solid into a liquid or vapor, or a liquid into a vapor, without change of temperature. |
| Evaporation | Evaporation is the process of a substance in a liquid state changing to a gaseous state due to an increase in temperature and/or pressure |
| Codensation | water that collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it. |
| Sublimation | Sublimation is a chemical process where a solid turns into a gas without going through a liquid stage. |
| Humidity | a quantity representing the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere or a gas. |
| Saturated | holding as much water or moisture as can be absorbed; thoroughly soaked. |
| Dew Point | he atmospheric temperature (varying according to pressure and humidity) below which water droplets begin to condense and dew can form. |
| Hygrometer/Psychrometer | an instrument for measuring the humidity of the air or a gas. |
| Weather front | A weather front is a boundary separating two masses of air of different densities, and is the principal cause of meteorological phenomena. |
| Condensation nuclei | small particles typically 0.2 µm, or 1/100th the size of a cloud droplet on which water vapour condenses. |
| Cirrus | cloud forming wispy filamentous tufted streaks (“mare's tails”) at high altitude |
| Cumulus | a cloud forming rounded masses heaped on each other above a flat base at fairly low altitude. |
| Stratus | cloud forming a continuous horizontal gray sheet, often with rain or snow. |
| Supersaturated | increase the concentration of (a solution) beyond saturation point. |
| Air Pressure | pressure exerted by air |
| Barometer | an instrument measuring atmospheric pressure, used especially in forecasting the weather and determining altitude. |
| Pressure gradient | is a physical quantity that describes which direction and at what rate the pressure changes the most rapidly around a particular location. |
| Coriolis effect | an apparent force that as a result of the earth's rotation deflects moving objects |
| Jet stream | a narrow, variable band of very strong, predominantly westerly air currents encircling the globe several miles above the earth. |
| Cyclone | a system of winds rotating inward to an area of low atmospheric pressure, with a counterclockwise (northern hemisphere) or clockwise (southern hemisphere) circulation |
| Anti-cyclone | a weather system with high atmospheric pressure at its center, around which air slowly circulates in a clockwise (northern hemisphere) or counterclockwise (southern hemisphere) direction. |
| Trade winds | a wind blowing steadily toward the equator from the northeast in the northern hemisphere or the southeast in the southern hemisphere |
| Westerlies | a wind blowing from the west. |
| Polar easterlies | are the dry, cold prevailing winds that blow from the high-pressure areas of the polar highs at the north and south poles towards low-pressure areas within the Westerlies at high latitudes. |
| Anemometer | an instrument for measuring the speed of the wind, or of any current of gas. |
| El Nino | an irregularly occurring and complex series of climatic changes affecting the equatorial Pacific region and beyond every few years |
| Air Mass | body of air with horizontally uniform temperature, humidity, and pressure. |
| Stationary front | A stationary front is a pair of air masses, neither of which is strong enough to replace the other. |
| Occluded front | a composite front produced by occlusion. |
| Storm Surge | a rising of the sea as a result of atmospheric pressure changes and wind associated with a storm. |
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DylanMcCarty22
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