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Periodic Table
Atoms and Elements
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space |
Mass | The material/stuff that matter takes up |
Space/Volume | The specific area/place that matter takes up |
Density | D=m/v The amount of mass in a specific volume of space |
Atom | smallest part of an element, the building blocks of all matter |
Electron | Particles of atoms with a negative charge, moves around the nucleus along with proton |
Proton | Particles in an atom with a positive charge located inside the nucleus |
Neutrons | Particles in an atom with a neutral/ no charge located inside the nucleus along with the protons |
Periodic Table | Large grid that identifies and classifies all of the elements by their chemical and physical properties |
Element | The simplest substances that cannot be broken down / they make up all matter in the universe |
Periods/rows | Rows that tell how many energy levels each elements has for electrons to move around |
Groups or Family/ Columns | Columns that tell how many valence electrons each element has / the number of electrons that can move on it's outer shell / energy level |
Valence Electrons | The electrons that move on the outer shell / energy levels of an atom |
Atomic Number | How many protons an element has inside the nucleus / usually is same # of the neutrons and electrons |
Atomic Mass | The measurements of the mass for an element atoms |
Chemical Property | The ability of substances to combine with on another forming new and different compounds and molecules |
Physical Property | The states of matter and appearance of a substance |
Ionic Bond | When elements either lose or gain an electron during bonding |
Covalent Bond | When elements share electrons during bonding |
Chemical Change / Reaction | Elements bond together through the attractive force of electrons creating some type of reaction and change |
Compound / Molecule | Two or more elements combine together in a specific ratio / pattern creating a whole, new and different substance |
Mixture | two or more substances combine together keeping their original properties, they do NOT change into a new substance / compound |
Nobel Gasses | all the elements in Group #18- they are the most stable elements because that have eight electrons in their outer shell |
Halogens | all of the elements in Group #17- they are very reactive bonding easily with elements in Group #1 because the have seven valence electrons and want to be stable |
Alkali Metals | All of the elements in Group #1 - they are very reactive because they have only one valence electron |
Metalloids | Elements between metals and non-metals that can react either way, they have 3-7 valence electrons |