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EarthQuakes QB
Earth Science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| earthquake | caused by Earth's Crust |
| crust | form into a outer layer |
| fault | a break into a body of a rock |
| mantle | the region between the crust and the core |
| lithosphere | the outer part of earth, between the inner mantle and the crust |
| lithospheric plates | the outer part of earth broken down into plates |
| seismologists | people who study earthquakes and seismic waves. |
| p-wave | the first waves from an earthquake to arrive at a seismograph. |
| s wave | the second waves from an earthquake to arrive at a seismograph |
| surface waves | the last waves from an earthquake to arrive at a seismograph |
| focus | the location where an earthquake begins |
| epicenter | the point of an earth's surface is above the focus |
| richter scale | a scale which finds magnitude |
| mercalli scale | used to measure the intensity of the earthquake |
| moment magnitude scale | to measure the size of an earthquake |
| seismic waves | part of an earthquake |
| seismograph | a device that seismologists use |
| Base Isolators | allow foundations to move without moving the structure |
| Shear Core Walls | transfers an earthquakes energy |
| Tension Ties | tie the floors and ceilings to walls |
| Cross Bracing | shaped steel beams placed in buildings |
| Mass Damper | mostly used in buildings |
| Flexible Pipe | these don't break and bend |
| compression stress | this kind of stress squeezes rock together |
| Tension stress | pulls rock apart |
| Stress | force of a rock |
| Strike-slip fault | same as St. Andreas |
| Normal Fault | A geologic fault in which the hanging wall has moved downward relative to the footwall |
| Reverse Fault | A geologic fault in which the hanging wall has moved upward relative to the footwall. Reverse faults occur where two blocks of rock are forced together by compression. |
| Shearing | Shear stress is the stress component parallel to a given surface, such as a fault plane, that results from forces applied parallel to the surface or from remote forces transmitted through the surrounding rock. |
| San Andreas Fault | This kind of fault is a strike slip |
| plateau | a area of high ground |
| hanging wall | the block of rock that lies above an inclined fault or an ore body. |
| Footwall | the lower wall of a fault |
| anticycle | a ridge-shaped fold of stratified rock in which the strata slope downward from the crest |
| syncline | a trough or fold of stratified rock in which the strata slope upward from the axis. |
| astenosphere | the upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur |
| mantle | the part of the Earth between the core and the crust |
| crust | the outer layer of the Earth |
| Inner Core | The Earth's inner core is the Earth's innermost part and according to seismological studies, it is primarily a solid ball with a radius of about 1220 kilometers, or 760 miles (about 70% of the Moon's radius). |
| Outer Core | The outer core of the Earth is a liquid layer about 2,300 km (1,400 mi) thick and composed of iron and nickel that lies above Earth's solid inner core and below its mantle. |
| Lithosphere | a layer above the astenosphere. |
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