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CH 6 Earth Science

Study Question

Magma forms when rock melts
The melting temperature of a mineral is determined by the mineral's chemical composition
Three factors that affect whether rock melts include temperature, pressure, and the presence of fluids in the rock
The crystallization and removal of different minerals from the cooling magma, as it occurs in Bowen's reaction series, is called fractional crystallization
Igneous rocks that cools slowly and as a result are composed of large mineral grains are describe as having coarse-grained texture
Igneous rocks that cools rapidly and as a result have small crystals are described as having a fine-grained texture
Igneous rocks that cools slowly at first but then more rapidly as it nears earth's surface are composed of both large and small crystals are described as having a porphyritic texture.
rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath earth's surface intrusive igneous rock
rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma at earth's surface extrusive igneous rock
The process by which different minerals in rock melt at different temperatures. partial melting
What are the three types of igneous rocks? Felsic, Mafic, Intermediate
What is the type of igneous rock that forms from magma that contains a large proportion of silica? Felsic
What is the type of igneous rock that forms from magma that contains lower proportions of silica than felsic rock does? mafic rock
______________ are similar to batholiths but cover less than 100 km2 stocks
This forms when magma flows between rock layers and spreads upward causing the layers above it to form a dome Laccoliths
This forms when magma flows between the layers of rock and hardens sills
This forms as the result of magma forcing itself through rock layers by following existing vertical fractures or by creating new ones. Dikes
Flat masses of rocks are called lava flows
A series of lava flows that cover a vast area with thick rock lava plateau
This forms when a volcano releases ash and other solid particles during an eruption Tuff
The word igneous means from fire
______________ are rocks, mineral crystals, and organic matter that have been broken into fragments Sediments
When sediment deposits are compressed together _____________________ rocks are formed sedimentary
________________ rock is formed when existing rock is altered metamorphic
The word metamorphic rock means changed form
The physical characteristics of rock reflect the ________________ composition of the rock as a whole. chemical
Who study how minerals crystallize from magma N.L Bowen
What two ways do minerals form according to Bowen's hypothesis? Gradual and Sudden
The most stable minerals are ones that formed at the _______________ temperatures lowest
The least stable minerals are ones that formed at the _______________ temperatures highest
What are the three main classes of Sedimentary rocks? Chemical, organic, Clastic
Form when minerals from water a.re left behind after water evaporates chemical sedimentary rocks
Form from remains of living things Organic sedimentary rock
Formed when fragments are carried by water, wind, or ice and left as deposits. Clastic sedimentary rock
________________ consists of large fragments that are cemented together. conglomerate
A type of clastic rock that is angular and has sharp corners is called __________________ breeccia
Type of clastic rock made up of sand-sized grains that have been cemented together. sandstone
Type of clastic rock that is made up of clay-sized particles that are cemented and compacted. shale
Created by: tmcnu4
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