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RNA & Mutation Test

RNA, Tanscription & Translation, & Mutation Science Test 02/10/09

QuestionAnswer
What are the 4 nitrogen bases of DNA? Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine.
What are the 4 nitrogen bases in RNA? Adenine, Uracile, Guanine, Cytosine.
How many nucleotides are there in a codon? 3.
What matches up with the codon on mRNA during protein synthesis? tRNA anticodon.
What is a DNA nucleotide composed of? A phosphate group, Sugar(deoxyribose), and a Nitrogen Base.
What is a RNA Nucleotide composed of? A phosphate group, Sugar(ribose), and a nitrogen base.
What are the simalarities of DNA & RNA? DNA:Double Stranded, Contains Deoxyribose, is involved in both Protein Synthesis and Replication, and has Thymine. RNA: Single stranded, involved in Protein Synthesis,has Uracil,has Ribose.
What happens during Transcription & Translation? Transcription: DNA is changed into mRNA because DNA is to large to leave the nucleus. Translation: Ribosome attaches to the mRNA and bring in tRNA, along with it's amino acid and anticodon. Then amino acids attach to make protein.(polypeptide.
What 4 codons code for Alanine? GCA, GCU, GCG, GCC.
What is a mutation? When DNA sequence is changed or damaged in such way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene.
How do chromosome mutations occur? By changes in chromosome numbers or chromosomal arrangements.
Name the types of point mutations. Deletion Mutation, Insertion Mutation, & Missense Mutation.
Explain Missense mutation. A mutation that changes a codon for one amino acid into a codon for a different amino acid, or the replacement of one nucleotide with another nucleotide.
Explain Point Insertion Mutation. The addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a genetic sequence.
Explain Point Deletion Mutation. When a nucleotide pair in a gene is deleted or missing.
What are the types of chromosomal mutations? Deletion, Insertion, Inversion, Translocation.
Define Translocation Mutation. When a chromosomal segment relocates and attaches to a different chromosome.
Define Inversion Mutation. The replacement of a section of a chromosome in the reverse orientation.
Define Insertion Mutation. When a fragment of DNA is inserted to a chromosome segment.
Define Deletion Mutation. When a fragment of DNA is removed from a chromosome segment.
What are the environmental factors that cause mutations? UV exposure, Radiation, Chemicals, Viruses, & Spontaneous Mutations.
What do genes contain instructions for? Making Proteins.
What causes Translation to start? The Start codon AUG.
What cause s Translation to stop? Any of the Stop codons: UGA, UAA, UAG.
What are the building blocks of amino acids? Nucleotides.
What bond holds amino acids together? Peptide Bonds.
What are codons? 3 bases on an mRNA molecule that code for a specific amino acid.
What are anticodons? 3 complementary bases on a tRNA molecule that match up with the codons.
What makes up the backbone of DNA? Sugar(deoxyribose) & Phosphate Group.
What makes up the backbone of RNA? Sugar(Ribose) & Phosphate Group.
What is a Mutagen? An agent that can alter the gene resulting in a change in the gentic message.
What is Aneuploidy? An abnormal number of a particular chromosome.
What is caused when a pair of homologous chromosomes DO NOT move apart properly during meiosis? Nondisjunction.
What is Nondisjunction? When a pair of homologous chromosomes do not move apart properly during meiosis.
What steps happens in a mutation? Genes changed, then transcribed mRNA changed, different amino acid is made, different protein=function changed or lost.
Created by: Bryan.Klein
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