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Peridic
Everything about matter
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| matter | anything that has mass takes up space |
| mass | the material/place that matter is made up of-it can be measured |
| space/volume | the specific area/place that matter takes up |
| density | d=m/v the amount of mass in a specific volume of space |
| atom | smallest part of an element, the building blocks of all matter |
| electron | particle of an atom with a negative charge, moves around the nucleus and has an attractive force that allows it to bond with other atoms creating everything in the universe |
| proton | particle of an atom with a positive charge located inside the nucleus |
| neutron | particle of an atom with a neutral/ no charge located inside the nucleus along with the protons |
| Periodic Table | large grid that identifies and classifies all of the elements by their chemical and physical properties |
| element | the simplest substances that cannot be broken down/ they make up all mater in the universe |
| periods/rows | rows that tell how many energy levels each elements has for the electrons to move around |
| group or family/columns | columns that tell how many valence electrons each element has/ the number of electrons that can move on its outer shell/energy level |
| valence electrons | the electrons that move on the outer shell/energy level of an atom |
| atomic number | how many protons an element has inside the nucleus/usually is the same # of neutrons and electrons |
| atomic mass | the measurement of the mass for an elements atoms |
| chemical property | the ability of substances to combine with one another forming new and different compounds and molecules |
| physical property | the state of matter and appearance of a substance |
| ionic bond | when elements either lose or gain an electron during bonding |
| covalent bond | when elements share electrons during bonding |
| chemical change/reaction | elements bond together through the attractive force of electrons creating some type of reaction and change |
| compoound/molecule | two or more elements combined together in a specific ratio/pattern creating whole, new and different substance |
| mixture | two or more substances combined together keeping their original properties/ they do not change into a new substance/compound |
| Noble gases | all of the elements in group #18-they are the most stable elements because they have valence electrons in the outer shell |
| Halogens | all of the elements in group #17-they are very reactive bonding easily with elements in group #1 because they have seven valence electrons and want tot be stable |
| Alkali Metals | all of the elements in group #1- they are very reactive because they only have one valence electron |
| Metalliods | elements between metals and non-metals that can react either way, they have 3 – 7 valence electrons |
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