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Periodic Table
Vocabulary for Matter and Elements
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| matter | anything that takes up space and has mass |
| mass | the material that matter is made up of |
| volume | how much room/space matter takes up |
| density | D = m/v the amount of material/stuff matter takes up within a specific space |
| atom | smallest part of an element, the building blocks of all matter |
| electron | particle of an atom that surrounds the nucleus, it has a negative charge and attractive force to bond with other atoms |
| proton | particle of an atom that has a positive charge located in the nucleus |
| neutron | particle of an atom located in the nucleus with a neutral or no charge |
| Periodic Table | A large grid that identifies and classifies the elements into periods and groups by their chemical and physical properties |
| periods/rows | provides information for how many energy levels/shells that surround the nucleus where the electrons move |
| groups/columns | provides information for how many valence electrons an element has in its outer shell |
| atomic number | number of protons an element has inside its nucleus / usually the same # of neutrons and electrons |
| element | the simplest substances in the world / cannot be broken down / they make up all matter in the universe |
| chemical property | the ability of substances to bond with one another and create a whole, new substance |
| physical property | the state of matter and appearance of a substance |
| ionic bonding | when elements lose or gain an electron while bonding |
| covalent bonding | when elements share an electron during bonding |
| chemical change/reaction | elements bond together through the attractive force of electrons creating some type of reaction or change |
| compound/molecule | two or more elements bond together in a specific ratio/pattern creating a whole new and different substance |
| mixture | when two or more substances combine together, but DO NOT change into a new substance |
| Nobel Gases | Group #18 - the most stable elements with 8 valence electrons in their outer shell |
| Halogens | Group #17 - very reactive elements with 7 valence electrons in their out shell, they want to bond with other elements, especially Group #1 |
| Alkali Metals | Group #1 - very reactive with only 1 valence electron, elements want to bond with others to become stable |
| Metalloids | elements that are between metals and non-metals that can react like either one, these elements have 3-7 valence electrons |
| states of matter | solid, liquid, gas, plasma, Bose-Einstein Condensate |
| molecules of a solid | no movement, rigid |
| molecules of a liquid | move back and forth, up and down, slowly |
| water molecule | 2 Hydrogen and 1 Oxygen |
Created by:
bkbrown
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