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APES Ch. 1 Vocab
Studying the State of our Earth - AP Environmental Science, Chapter 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Environment | The sum of all the conditions surrounding us that influence life |
| Environmental science | The field of study that looks at interactions among human systems and those found in nature |
| System | An interacting set of components that influence one another by exchanging energy or materials |
| Ecosystem | A particular location on Earth distinguished by its mix of interacting biotic and abiotic components |
| Biotic | Living |
| Abiotic | Nonliving |
| Environmentalist | A person who seeks to protect the environment |
| Environmental studies | Field of study that includes environmental science, environmental policy, economics, literature, and ethics |
| Ecosystem services | The process by which natural environments provide life-supporting resources |
| Environmental indicators | An indicator that describes the current state of an environmental system |
| Sustainability | Living on Earth in a way that allows humans to use its resources without depriving future generations of those resources |
| Biodiversity | The diversity of life forms in an environment (includes genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity) |
| Species | A group of organisms that is distinct from other groups in its morphology, behavior, or biochemical properties |
| Speciation | The evolution of a new species |
| Background extinction rate | The average rate at which species become extinct over the long term |
| Greenhouse gases | Gases in Earth's atmosphere that trap heat near the surface |
| Anthropogenic | Derived from human species |
| Development | Improvement in human well-being through economic advancement |
| Scientific method | 1. observe and question 2. form a hypothesis 3. collect data 4. interpret results 5. disseminate findings |
| Hypothesis | A testable theory or supposition about how something works |
| Null hypothesis | A statement or idea that can be falsified |
| Replication | The data procedure of taking repeated measurements |
| Sample size | The number of times a measurement is replicated in the data collection process |
| Accuracy | How close a measured value is to the actual or true value |
| Precision | How close the repeated measurements of a sample are to one another |
| Uncertainty | An estimate of how much a measured or calculated value differs from a true value |
| Inductive reasoning | Making general statements from specific facts or examples |
| Deductive reasoning | Applying general statements to specific facts or situations |
| Critical thinking | An objective method to explore the natural world; draw inferences from it; and predict the outcome of certain events, processes, or changes |
| Theory | A hypothesis that has been repeatedly tested and confirmed by multiple groups of researchers and has reached wide acceptance |
| Natural law | A theory for which there is no known exception and that has withstood rigorous testing |
| Control group | In a scientific investigation, a group that experiences exactly the same conditions as the experiment group, except for the single variable under study |
| Natural experiment | A natural event that acts as an experimental treatment in an ecosystem |
| The five global-scale environmental indicators | Biological diversity, food production, average global surface temperature and carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere, human population, and resource depletion |