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Anatomy: Tissues
Lecture 6: Connective Tissue, Cartilage
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Epithelium | Involved in sensory reception Secretion of substances across body surface (glandular epithelium) Has polarity (dif. top-bottom) Absorption of nutrients (gut epithelium) Pumping Ions (Kidney Epithelia) |
| What connects to epitheliuM? | Not Blood Vessels (vascular), but Nerves do (innervated) Gets nutrients from capillaries underlying epithelium that diffuse |
| Why are epithelium cells so prone to mutating and developing cancer? | Fast regeneration/division to be able to heal quickly after injury comes with its' repercussions. More division means more chance of genetic mistake and mutation of cells, thus, cancer. |
| How do you classify epithelia? | First name is # of cell layers contain Second Name is shape of component cells |
| Single layer of epithelium cells called? | simple |
| 1+ layer of epitheilium cells called? | stratified |
| Shapes of epithelial cells | Squamous: Flat Cells Cuboidal: Cells as Tall as Wide Columnar: Tall cells |
| Multiple layers present, how named? | According to the top shape of cell layer |
| Simple Squamous Epithelium | Lines inside blood vessels (capillaries) and respiratory bags in lungs too thin to hold enough machinery to perform active functions like columnar or cuboidal |
| Simple Cuboidal Epithelium | Tiny tubules of the kidney |
| Simple Columnar epithelium | Internal lining of the digestive tube, stomach and intestines |
| When Cilia are present on epithelium, called? | e.g. Simple ciliated columnar e.g. in oviducts of fallopian tubes, moving ovum toward uterus |
| Pseudostratified ciliated columnar | lines respiratory passages to filter air false stratified due to different cell shapes but only one layer, all touching connective tissue below |
| Apical Surface of Epithelium | Microvilli & cilia |
| Microvilli | shorter than cilia non-moving, peg-like projections of apical plasmalemma increase absorption surface of intestines Anchors mucus to surfaces in mucus abundant layers protect against micro-abrasion |
| Cilia | Resemble centrioles w/ arrangement of microtubules move high, slide back low to propel fluid in one direction |
| What connects epithelial layers? | cell junctions 1. Zonula occcludens (apex of tissue, closes intracellular space.0) 2. Zonula adherans (belt desmosome) halfway These 2 extend around circumference of cell 3. Desmosome (simply spot weld) |
| Nexus (gap junction) | protein tubes that allow diffusion of small molecules between cells |
| Basal Lamina | various protein molecule sheet between epithelial and connective tissue, selective filter between what can come from capillaries into epithelial. ALSO used as scaffold for epithelial regeneration |
| Glands | Almost all glands are made of epithelial cells that secrete a product e.g.tear glands, saliva glands, digestive glands. pro |
| Exocrine glands | secrete products onto body surface or hollow organs Have ducts (endocrine glands do not) e.g.milk glands, salivary glands, sweat glands, oil glands of skin Unicellular or multicellular glands |
| Goblet Cells | Unicellular gland, mucus-secreting cell of respiratory and digestive tube |
Created by:
madhatter
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