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science
science cards for vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atmosphere | the mixture of gases that surround earth |
| air pressure | the measure of the force with which particles in the air push on an area of a surface |
| troposphere | the lowest layer of the atmosphere and has an average thickness of 10 to 12 km |
| stratosphere | the layer above the troposphere |
| mesosphere | the layer above the stratosphere |
| ionisphere | the layer in the middle of the thermosphere |
| exosphere | the top layer/ space |
| theremosphere | uppermost layer of the atmosphere |
| ozone layer | the chemical composition of this layer depends on altitude. the area of the stratosphere that is located between 15 and 40 km. |
| greenhouse effect | process by which gases in the atmosphere such as water |
| temperature | measure of the average kinetic energy of particles |
| thermal energy | total kinetic energy of particles |
| thermal expansion | the increase in volume that results from an increase in temperature. |
| heat | -what causes objects to be hot or cold -energy transfers betweeen two objects that have different temperatures |
| radiation | transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves |
| convection | transfer of energy due to the movement of matter |
| conduction | transfer of energy from one object to another through direct contact |
| wind | the movement of air caused by differences in air pressure |
| Coriolis effect | apparent curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straight path due to earths rotation |
| jet stream | narrow belts of high speed winds that blow from west to east, between 7 and 16 km above earth |
| local wind | movement of air over short distances |
| sea breeze | (happens during the day) -water takes longer to warm that land does-air above land becomes warmer than air above water -air above land becomes warmer than air above water |
| land breeze | at night cooler air on land cause a higher pressure zone over land, |
| mountain breeze | sun warms the air along the mountains slopes faster than the valleys. this uneven heat results in areas of lower pressure near the mountain tops |
| valley breeze | pressure differences cause valley breezes |
| global wind | The wind systems occur at or near Earths surface |
| trade winds | trade winds in the Northern hemisphere come from the Northeast and trade winds in the southern hemisphere come from the Southeast |
| Westerlies | carry moist air over the continental USA causing rain and snow |
| Polar Easterlies | carry cold artic air over the majority of the USA causing snow to freeze. |
| Doldrums | the trade winds of both hemispheres meet in a calm area around the equator |
| Horse Latitudes | At about 30 degrees latitude in both hemispheres - air stops moving and sinks |
| Weather | condition of earths atmosphere at a particular time and place |
| humidity | the amount of water vapor in the air |
| relative humidity | amount of water vapor in the air compared to the amount of vapor needed to reach saturation |
| dew point | temp at which more condensation than evaporation occurs |
| precipitation | any form of water that falls to Earth's surface from the clouds |
| cirrus | appear feathery or whispy |
| cumulus | means heap or pile. form in fair weather and can cause thunderstorms |
| stratus | spread out - form in flat layers - low and dark and cause rain. |
| air pressure (density) | force of air molecules pushing on an area |
| high pressure system | whirling mass of cool dry air cause fair weather |
| low pressure system | whirling mass of warm moist air that brings stormy weather |
| air mass | large amount of air in which temp and moisture content are the same |
| front | a boundry forms between the air masses |
| warm front | warm air mass follows a retreating cold air mass |
| cold front | warm air is less dense than cold air is so a cold air mass that is moving can quickly push up a warm air mass |
| stationary front | not enough wind for either the cold or warm air mass to keep moving |
| occluded | stop, close up |
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