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Sasser S6E5b and 5c
Earth Science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| mineral | naturally occurring inorganic solid that has a definite chemical composition and an orderly arrangement ofatoms |
| hardness | a measure of how easily a minera lcan be scratched |
| streak | color of a a mineral when it is in poweredform |
| Mohs Scale | a scale of hardness used in mineralogy; its degrees, in increasing hardness are: talc 1;gypsum 2; calcite 3; fluorite 4; apatite 5; feldspar 6; quartz 7; topaz 8;sapphire 9; diamond 10 |
| crystal | solid in which the atoms are arranged in an orderly, repeating pattern |
| luster | the way in which light is reflected from the surface of a mineral; can be metallic or nonmetallic |
| cleavage | the tendency of minerals to break with a smooth, flat surface |
| fracture | the tendency of minerals to break with a smooth, flat surface |
| specific gravity | the ratio of a mineral;s weight compared to the weight of an equal volume |
| inorganic | not alive |
| naturally occurring | existing in nature with no outside, man-made help |
| solid | not flowing like liquid or invisible like gas |
| definite composition | a fixed or exact make-up of chemicals in a mineral |
| atoms | the smallest component of an element inside of amineral |
| silicate | describes a mineral that contains silicon, oxygen, and one or more other elements; over 90% of the rock forming minerals in the crust |
| sedimentary rock | rock that has formed through the deposition and solidification of sediment, deposited in layers, and frequently contain fossils |
| igneous rock | rock formed by the cooling and solidifying of molten materials beneath the Earth's surface as magma, or at its surface as lava |
| metamorphic rock | rock that was once one form of rock but has changed to another under the influence o fheat,pressure, or a hot liquid |
| rock cycle | a continuous process by which rocks are created, changed from one form to another, destroyed, and then formed again |
| pressure | the state of being pressed or compressed |
| intrusive | an igneous rock formed inside the earth by lava and contains small crystals |
| cemented | mineral matter, such as silica and calcite, that binds together particles of rock, bone, etc., to form a solid mass of sedimentary rock |
| compacted | pressed together very tightly due to pressure; happens in sedimentary rock |
| recrystallize | to form into crystals; happens in igneous rocks |
| lithification | the process by which loose materials/sediments are changed into sedimentary rock through compaction or cementation |
| texture | the surface of a material, especially as perceived by the sense o ftouch |
| fine grained | a rock that contains small crystals |
| coarse grained | a rock that contains large crystals |
| glassy | resembling glass |
| foliated | a metamorphic rock tha thas minerals arranged invisible layers |
| nonfoliated | a metamorphic rock that has minerals not arranged in visible layers |
| gem | a cut and polished precious stone or pearl fine enough for use in jewelry |
| ore | a metal bearing mineral or rock that can be mined at a profit |
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bsasser
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