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AP Biology_Ch 16

LCHS_AP Biology_Ch 16 DNA Replication

TermDefinition
BACTERIOPHAGE A virus that infects bacteria
LIGASE A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3' end of a new DNA fragment to the 5' end of a growing chain.
POLYMERASE An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chain.
DOUBLE HELIX The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.
HELICASE An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.
LAGGING A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork.
LEADING The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' 3' direction.
MISMATCH REPAIR The cellular process that uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides.
NUCLEASE A team of enzymes that hydrolyze DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides.
NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION REPAIR The process of removing and then correctly replacing a damaged segment of DNA using the undamaged strand as a guide.
ORIGINS OF REPLICATION Sites where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.
PRIMASE An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make the primer.
PRIMER An already existing RNA chain bound to template DNA to which DNA nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis.
REPLICATION FORK A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.
SEMICONSERVATIVE MODEL Type of DNA replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one old strand, derived from the old molecule, and one newly made strand.
SINGLE-STRAND BINDING PROTEIN During DNA replication, molecules that line up along the unpaired DNA strands, holding them apart while the DNA strands serve as templates for the synthesis of complimentary strands of DNA.
TELOMERASE An enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres. The enzyme includes a molecule of RNA that serves as a template for new telomere segments.
TELOMERE The protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome. Specifically, the tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of the chromosome's DNA molecule.
TRANSFORMATION A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.
Created by: gtemple
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