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DCES Earth Forces
Constructive and Destructive Forces
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aquatic | pertaining to a water environment |
| ash | small pieces of hardened lava |
| bedrock | the solid base for the most outer layer of the Earth |
| coastal erosion | the process of sediment along the shore being carried and deposited in the new locations |
| constructive forces | processes which raise or build up the surface of the Earth |
| core | the center of Earth, the Earth’s hottest layer; it is believed to be made of solid iron |
| crust | the outer layer of the Earth, made of rock |
| crustal deformation | the alteration of the form or shape of the thin, rocky outer layer of the Earth |
| crustal plates | any of the huge moving parts of the Earth’s crust which travel over the Earth’s mantle |
| deposition | the process of dropping, or depositing, sediment in a new location |
| destructive forces | processes which lower the surface of the Earth |
| dome mountain | type of mountain formed when magma beneath the surface of the Earth cools and hardens and forms a raised area as a result of tectonic plate movement |
| earthquake | vibration of Earth caused by energy that has been stored along a fault |
| erosion | the process of moving sediment from one place to another |
| fault | a large crack in layers of rock along which movement has occurred |
| fault-block mountain | type of mountain formed when tectonic plates move up or down along a fault |
| folded mountain | type of mountain formed when tectonic plates move slowly toward each other |
| landforms | physical features on Earth’s surface |
| lava | magma that reaches the Earth’s surface |
| long shore currents | when waves break at an angle to the shore and transport sediment along the coast |
| magma | molten rock from Earth’s mantle |
| mantle | the layer of molten rock beneath Earth’s crust; the mantle is very hot and is liquid |
| mass movement | the downhill movement of rock and soil because of gravity (mudslides, landslides, creep, and sinkholes) |
| terrestrial | pertaining to a land environment |
| vent | the opening of a volcano |
| volcano | type of mountain formed when tectonic plates push magma from under the ground through the Earth’s surface; the hardened lava forms a mountain |
| weathering | to undergo change, especially discoloration or disintegration, as the result of exposure to atmospheric conditions. To discolor, disintegrate, or affect industriously, as by the effects of weather: |
| acid rain | moisture that falls to eht Earth after being mixed with wastes from burned fossil fuels. |
| Chemical Weathering | the mineral composition of the rock is changed due to the influence of water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide |
| dam | wall that is built across a river in order to stop the water flowing and to make a lake |
| delta | area of low, flat land shaped like a triangle, where a river splits and spreads out into several branches before entering the sea |
| flood | a large amount of water covers an area which is usually dry, for example when a river flows over its banks or a pipe bursts |
| groin | a low wall built out into the sea to prevent it from washing away sand and stones from the beach |
| levee | a low wall built at the side of a river to prevent it from flooding |
| mechanical/physical weathering | the process of weathering by which physical processes break down a rock into fragments, involving no chemical change |
| sand dune | a small hill of sand formed by wind, near the sea or in the desert |
| storm drain management | a pipeline or channel system that carries surface water and/or runoff to public waters, but does not feed inot the sewer system |
Created by:
KCAshe
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