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Chapter 31
Defense System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pathogens | Disease causing organisms (virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoa |
| Infectious | Disease carried by pathogens; not from genetic inheritance |
| Joseph Lister | Scottish physician; 1st to use Carbolic acid on instrument & wounds |
| Robert Koch | German microbiologist; postulates used to prove cause of specific disease |
| Barriers (1st defense) | External defense (skin, enzymes, lsyozyme, acids, mucusilliated epithelium) |
| Paul Erhlich | German microbiologist; father of chemotherapy; magic bullet for syphilis |
| 2nd Defense (nonspecific) | Internal defense (macrophages, complements, inflammation response) |
| Inflammation | Non-specific local local internal response (swelling, redness, heat, and pain) |
| Complement | Non specific blood protein stimulated by antibodies; poke holes antigens |
| Interferon | Non specific protein secreted by virus infected host cell(blocks reproducing) |
| Targeted Defense (3rd Defense) | Immune Response (cell Mediated +Humoral) against specific pathogen |
| Immunity | Resistance to a pathogen that causes specific disease (vaccine or prior exposure) |
| Antigen | Protein (usually surface) that stimulates an immune response |
| Antibodies | Specific blood proteins produced by plasma cells (humoral immunity) |
| B-cells | Internal defense (macrophages, complements, inflammation response) |
| T-cells | Lymphocytes most involved with cell mediated immunity |
| Plasma cells | Activated B-lymphocyte; produces many antibodies specific to antigen stimulation |
| Humoral Immunity | Immunity originated from B0calls (ie antibodies in blood) |
| Cell-Mediated Immunity | Immunity originated from T-cells (lymphocytic attack) |
| T-helper cells | Lymphocytes that activate both humoral and cell mediated immune response |
| Macrophage | Non specific phagocyte; presents pathogenic antigen on surface (B/T cells) |
| Memory cells | Activated b-cells; set aside for quick secondary response to pathogen |
| Second Immune Response | Quicker/stronger response to second exposure by pathogen (no symptoms) |
| Dr. Jonas Salk | Microbiologist; developed 1st vaccine against Polio (chem. Disabled) |
| Vaccine | Gives artificial immunity; disabled pathogen stim. active immunity |
| Active Immunity | Body produces antibodies (natural or acquired vaccine) long term immune |
| Passive Immunity | Body receives antibodies from another source; short term immunity |
| Allergy | Over sensitivity to a non-harmful allergen |
| Histamine | Hormone released by MAST cells; causes vasodilation |
| Autoimmune Response | Immune system turns against self (lupus, Rheumatoid arthritis, MS) |
| AIDS | Fatal viral disease from HIV; destroys body's T-helper cells & immunity |
Created by:
loveabeth
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