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Immune System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the immune system? | defense against pathogens |
| what is the first line of defense | skin |
| epidermis | dead outer layer of skin |
| how does the epidermis protect you? | forms a shield against invaders and secretes chemicals that kill potential invadors |
| how many skin cells do you shed a day? | 40-50 thousand |
| as you breathe in, foreign particles and bacteria bump into and stick to what throughout your respiratory system? | mucus |
| what sweeps mucus into the throat for coughing or swallowing? | cilia |
| what are swallowed bacteria broken down by? | incredibly strong stomach acids |
| what is the second line of defense? | white blood cells |
| when do white blood cells attack invaders? | when they get into the body |
| when will white blood cells enter the body's tissues? | if invaders are detected |
| once engulfed the phagocyte breaks the foreign particles apart into organelles called_____? | lysosomes |
| how do white blood cells eat foreign particles | by engulfing them |
| what are t cells sometimes called | natural killer |
| what chemicals do injured cells release | histamines |
| what to histamines begin | inflammatory response |
| what is the third line of defense | anitbodies |
| what are antibodies | proteins that latch onto foreign bacteria |
| each antibody binds only to...... | one specific binding site on the cell wall of bacteria or capsid of virus. |
| what kind of immune system cells can antibodies attach to? | B cells |
| b cells | produce more antibodies that will locate and attach to harmful bacteria |
| what do antibodies do when they bind to bacteria? | tag them so macropahges can come and kill |
| how can white blood cells locate bacteria cells? | when they have antibodies on them |
| t cells | identify bacteria or parts of it and find b cells to help |
| new particles take..... | longer to identify and a person can remain ill until an antibody is made |
| what does it mean to be immune? | bacteria is recognized and antibodies stop you from ever getting sick from it again |
| active immunity | you produce the antibodies |
| vaccine | weakened pathogen put into body to produce immunity |
| passive immunity | you don't produce the antibodies |
| what organ will a mother pass immunities from to her baby during pregnancy? | umbilical cord |
| allergies | immune system mistake harmless foreign particle as serious threat |
| what blocks the effect of histamines? | anti-histamines |
| are antibiotics the same as antibodies? | NO |
| how do most antibiotics work? | interferring with the making of cell wall, proteins, or nucleic acids |
| what can damge good bacteria? | overuse of antibiotics |
| broad spectrum antibiotics | work on many different bacteria |
| a __________ in the bacteria can change the cell wall or internal chemistry so antibiotics can't stop replication | mutation |
| how to misuse antibiotics | not completing prescribed course, using unprescribed antibiotics |
Created by:
edenbreslauer
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